Journal articles: 'U.S.A, U.K. and India' – Grafiati (2024)

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Nine samples of corals collected from seven locations in the Saurashtra Coastal region of India were dated by 238U series disequilibrium methods. Of the three age groups (6000, 30,000, and 120,000 yr) reported for this region by the earlier studies of S. K. Gupta and B. S. Amin (1974, Marine Geology 16, 79–83), we could confirm only the 6000-yr group. Instead of a 120,000-yr group, we found a scatter of ages between 118,000 and 176,000 yr. There appears to be no evidence for 30,000-yr-old corals from this region.

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An experiment was conducted in micro-plots filled with sandy loam soil having 14% clay and 0.33% organic carbon to see the responses of halophytic grasses Sporobolus marginatus and Urochondra setulosa collected from the extreme saline-sodic Kachchh plains, Bhuj, Gujarat, India under alkalinity/salinity. Maximum photosynthetic rate was recorded in control treatment. Photosynthetic rate decreased at pH 9.0 + EC 20 dS/m (11.25 and 17.8 μmol CO2/m2/s) in S. marginatus and U. setulosa respectively, along with reduction in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. In comparison to control, increased accumulation of total soluble sugars and proline may be due to increased osmotic adjustment for both halophytes. Similarly, at mixed stress of pH 9.0 with EC 20 dS/m, the epicuticular wax load increased in both S. marginatus and U. setulosa (24.0 and 40.0 mg/g). A positive correlation of stress was seen with Na+ and Cl‑ content while negative correlation with K+ content. Na+ content increased to about 3-7 fold at salinity level, EC 35 dS/m. Similarly, with treatment of mixed stress of pH 9.0 with saline level EC 20dS/m, 3-6 times increase in Na+ with decrease in K+ was observed in S. marginatus and U. setulosa respectively. These grass species maintained better gas exchange properties with higher osmolytes accumulations and balanced ionic relations under high stress conditions of salinity and alkalinity. These attributes might be providing physiological adaptable mechanisms for growth under salt affected environments.

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The Golden–Thompson trace inequality, which states that Tr e H+ K ≤ Tr e H e K, has proved to be very useful in quantum statistical mechanics. Golden used it to show that the classical free energy is less than the quantum one. Here, we make this G–T inequality more explicit by proving that for some operators, notably the operators of interest in quantum mechanics, H = Δ or [Formula: see text] and K = potential, Tr e H+(1− u) K e uK is a monotone increasing function of the parameter u for 0 ≤ u ≤ 1. Our proof utilizes an inequality of Ando, Hiai, and Okubo (AHO): Tr X s Y t X1− s Y1− t ≤ Tr XY for positive operators X, Y and for [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. The obvious conjecture that this inequality should hold up to s + t ≤ 1 was proved false by Plevnik [Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 47, 491–500 (2016)]. We give a different proof of AHO and also give more counterexamples in the [Formula: see text] range. More importantly, we show that the inequality conjectured in AHO does indeed hold in the full range if X, Y have a certain positivity property—one that does hold for quantum mechanical operators, thus enabling us to prove our G–T monotonicity theorem.

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lkj & 12 flrEcj 2002 ls ekSle foKku ds fy, lefiZr Hkkjr ds igys mixzg dYiuk-1 ds fØ;k’khy gksus ds lkFk gh fgan egklkxj ds vuqiyC/k vk¡dM+s okys {ks= ds mixzg ls izkIr iouksa ds vk¡dM+ksa ds {ks= foLrkj ls lq/kkj gqvk gS A bu vk¡dM+ksa ds miyC/k gks tkus ls Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx ¼Hkk-ekS-fo-fo-½ dh izpkyukRed ,u- MCY;w- ih- iz.kkyh esa buds izHkko dh tk¡p djus dh ,d ubZ laHkkouk mRiUu gqbZ gS A bl ’kks/k Ik= esa o"kZ 2003 dh ekulwu o"kkZ ij fd, x, iz;ksxksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx dh ,u- MCY;w- ih- iz.kkyh esa dYiyk-1 ls izkIr gq, lh- ,e- oh- vk¡dM+ksa ds izHkko ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gS A bl fun’kZ ls izkIr gq, iou ds vfrfjDr vk¡dM+ksa dk izHkko lkFkZd vkSj ykHkdkjh ik;k x;k gS A The coverage of satellite derived winds over the data gap Indian Ocean region has improved with the operation of India’s first dedicated satellite for meteorology KALPANA-1 since 12 September 2002. Availability of these data has opened up a new possibility to examine the impact of these data in the operational NWP system of India Meteorological Department (IMD). In this paper, impact of KALPANA-1 CMV data in the NWP system of IMD has been presented based on the experiments carried-out for the monsoon 2003. The impact of additional wind data in the model is found to be significant and beneficial.

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Defining Level of Service (LOS) criteria of U-turns is important for proper planning, design of transportation projects and also allocating resources. The present study attempts to establish a framework to define LOS criteria of U-turns keeping in mind the peculiar behavior of drivers and heterogeneity in urban Indian context. The U-turns at uncontrolled (no traffic sign, no signal, no traffic personnel) median openings are very risky. Upon arrival at the median opening, the U-turning vehicle looks for a suitable gap in the approaching traffic stream before initiating the merging process. While waiting for a suitable gap the U-turning vehicle experiences service delay. This service delay has been studied to quantify the delay ranges for different LOS categories. In this study, service delay data were collected from 7 different sections and microscopic analysis procedure was adopted to extract data from the recorded video. Subsequently, clustering technique has been utilized to defining delay ranges of different level of service categories. Four clustering methods, namely; K-mean, K-medoid, Affinity Propagation (AP), and Fuzzy C-means (FCM) are used. Four validation parameters are applied to determine most suitable clustering algorithm for the study and to determine the optimal number of cluster. AP was found to be the most suitable clustering method and 6 was found to be the optimal number and accordingly the collected delay data were clustered into 6 categories using AP. The delay range is found to be less than 4 s for LOS A is greater than 35 s for LOS F.

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Lkkj & bl 'kks/k-i= esa rsjg gokbZ vM~Mksa ds orZeku ekSle laca/kh vk¡dMksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, mÙkjh Hkkjr esa fofdj.k ;qDr dksgjs dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA gky gh ds o"kksZa esa Hkkjr ds mÙkjh Hkkxksa esa dksgjs dh mRifÙk esa cgqr vf/kd o`f) ik;h xbZ gSA pw¡fd bafnjk xk¡/kh vUrjjk"Vªh; ¼vkbZ- th- vkbZ-½ gokbZ vM~Ms dh o"kZ 1997&1998] 1998&1999] 1999&2000] 2000&2001] 2001&2002] 2002&2003 vkSj 2003&2004 ds nkSjku dqy 900 mM+kuksa ds ekxZ cnys x,A blfy, bl gokbZ vM~Ms ds oSekfudh izpkyuksa ij iM+s dksgjs ds izfrdwy izHkko dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA bafnjk xk¡/kh gokbZ vM~Ms ij dSV&I, dSV&II vkSj dSV&III izpkyuksa ds fy, foekuksa dks mrkjus esa lgk;d vR;f/kd l{ke midj.k iz.kkyh vkbZ- ,y- ,l- miyC/k djkbZ xbZ gSA bl 'kks/k&i= esa xr iUnzg o"kksZa ds LdksiksxzkQksa ifjdfyr de n`’;rk okys izpkyuksa ds fy, vko’;d juos dh n`’; jsatksa vkj- oh- vkj- dh mi;ksfxrk ij fopkj&foe’kZ fd;k x;k gSA mixzg }kjk dksgjs ij fd, x, izs{k.kksa dk /kjkryh; izs{k.kksa ds lkFk lgh rkyesy ik;k x;k gSA mixzg ls izkIr gq, fp= bl ckr dk izek.k gSa fd o"kZ 1998&1999 ds nkSjku mŸkjh Hkkjr esa vR;f/kd l?ku dksgjk vjc lkxj esa cus izpaM pØokr ls vR;f/kd ek=k esa vknzZrk ds izokg ds dkj.k cuk FkkA bl 'kks/k-i= esa bafnjk xk¡/kh gokbZ vM~Mk] y[kuÅ gokbZ vM~Mk] okjk.klh gokbZ vM~Mk vkSj ve`rlj gokbZ vM~Mk ij dksgjs ds nkSjku vf/kdre rkieku vkSj lkisf{kd vknzZrk dh folaxfr;ksa ds e/; laca/k dk irk yxkus dk Hkh iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA Radiation fog over north India has been studied using current weather data of thirteen airports. There has been a tremendous increase in the fog formation over northern parts of India in recent years. An attempt has been made to study the adverse impact of fog on aeronautical operations at Indira Gandhi International (I.G.I.) airport as total number of flights diverted during 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04 were about 900. I.G.I. airport is provided with a very efficient Instrument Landing System (ILS) for Cat-I, Cat-II and Cat-III operations. The utility of Runway Visual Ranges (RVRs) required for low visibility operations, calculated from skopographs, for the last fifteen years, has been discussed. Satellite observations on fog have been found to be in fair agreement with the surface observations. Most catastrophic fog formations, which occurred over north India during 1998-99, were found to be due to the enormous amount moisture flow from a severe cyclone formed in the Arabian Sea as evidenced in satellite imagery. An attempt has also been made to establish a relation of maximum temperature and Relative Humidity anomaly with the duration of fog at I.G.I. airport, Lucknow airport, Varanasi airport and Amritsar airport.

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Water is the most important source of minerals for both human beings and animals. But at the same time, water is also a source of disease due to the contamination of various elements. Therefore, knowledge of the elemental content of water is important. In this work, water samples were collected from areas around Chandigarh and Bathinda district, Panjab, India. Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and proton-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) techniques were used for the determination of heavy and light trace elements, respectively, in wide varieties of water samples. A large number of elements, namely F, Na, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Pb , and U were detected in the samples and results are discussed.

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In this paper, two multielement analysis techniques, Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF), are combined to detect elemental concentrations in Barbula indica moss collected at Dalat, Vietnam. Combining these two techniques has improved the qualitative detection of elements due to atmospheric deposition on moss samples. The concentrations of 40 elements, including Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ar, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th, and U in the Barbula indicamoss samples collected at 19 locations at Dalat have been determined. It is shown that the air in Dalat is suspected of contamination by Na, Mg, Si, P, S, V, Mn, Cu, Se, Br, and U; slightly contaminated by Mg, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, S, and Ni; moderately contaminated by Sc, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb, Ta, Pb, and Th; and seriously contaminated by Tb. Factor analysis has been used to explain the contamination sources of these elements, including V, As, Fe, Zn, Se, Rb, Sb, Cs, Al, Cu, and Pb in the investigated area. Four factors have been extracted that can explain 86% of the total variance, and the results suggest that the main sources of atmospheric pollution in Dalat originate from traffic and windblown dust.

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bl 'kks/k i= dk mÌs'; Hkkjrh; rVh; LFkku vFkkZr~ if'peh caxky ds vyhiqj ¼dksydkrk½ esa izsf{kr HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k dh enn ls gjxzhCl fofdj.k QkWewZyk ls rkjh[kokj la'kksf/kr KRS irk djuk gS ftlls fd vkxs ;fn U;wure rkieku ¼Tmin½ Kkr gks rks vf/kdre rkieku ¼Tmax½ dk iwokZuqeku nsus esa vFkok blds foijhr] mi;ksx fd;k tk ldsA HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k ds chp lglaca/k dh x.kuk rkjh[kokj fd, x, /kwi ds ?kaVkokj vk¡dM+ksa ds vkSlr ds mi;ksx ftlesa vkaXLVªkse izsLdkWV QkewZyk ls izkIr fu;rkad as = 0-25 vkSj bs = 0-5 gS] ls dh xbZZ gSA blesa izsf{kr fd, x, HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k vkadM+ksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA ;g fuf'pr :i ls dgk tkrk gS fd vkaxLVªkse izsldkWV QkewZyk HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k dk lVhd vkdyu djrk gS vkSj ;g lgh ik;k tkrk gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa gjxzhCl fofdj.k QkewZyk ¼ftles KRS = 0-19 fy;k x;k gS½ ls rkjh[kokj izkIr fd, x, vf/kdre rkiekuksa rFkk U;wure rkiekuksa ds vkSlr ¼vkadM+s Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx ds vyhiqj] dksydkrk ftyk & 24 ijxuk ds dk;kZy; ls izkIr½ dk mi;ksx djds HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k ds chp lglaca/k dh x.kuk dh xbZ gS vkSj bldk v/;;u izsf{kr HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k ds lkFk Hkh fd;k x;k gSA rkjh[kokj la'kksf/kr KRS dh x.kuk gjxzhCl fofdj.k QkewZyk ls dh xbZA blesa HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k ds izsf{kr vkadM+ksa] rkjh[kokj vf/kdre rkiekuksa vkSj U;wure rkiekuksa ds vkSlr mi;ksx esa fy, x, gSaA bls fdlh LVs'ku ds vf/kdre rkiekuksa vkSj U;wure rkieku vkadMksa ds rkjh[kokj KRS ds mi;ksx ds }kjk vkl ikl ds {ks=ksa ds ok"iksRltZu ds fy, HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k dk vkdyu djus ds fy, Hkh mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA The objective of this study is to find the date wise corrected KRS from the Hargreaves Radiation formula with the help of observed global solar radiation for the Indian coastal location namely Alipore (Kolkata) in West Bengal so that subsequently it can be used for predicting maximum temperature Tmax if minimum temperature Tmin is known or vice-versa. The correlation between the global solar radiation calculated by using date wise average sunshine hour data with constants as = 0.25 and bs = 0.5, from Angstrom Prescott formula with the observed global solar radiation data was studied. The assertion that the Angstrom Prescott formula gives nearly accurate estimation of global solar radiation has been found to be correct. Correlation between the global solar radiation calculated by using date wise average of Tmax and Tmin (sourced from IMD located at Alipore, Kolkata, District - South 24 parganas) from Hargreaves Radiation formula (taking KRS = 0.19 ) with the observed global solar radiation data was also studied. Date wise corrected KRS by Hargreaves Radiation formula was computed using the observed data of global solar radiation, date wise average of maximum temperature Tmax and minimum temperature Tmin. The date wise corrected KRS can be used for better prediction of Tmax and Tmin. Also it can be used for estimation of global solar radiation for reference evapo-transpiration of the neighbourhood areas by utilizing the date wise KRS with the Tmax and Tmin of the station.

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Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx }kjk Hkkjrh; bysDVªks&dsfedy vkstksulkSans dh enn ls ,aVkdZfVdk ij Hkkjr ds nwljs LVs'ku eS=h ¼70-7 fMxzh n-] 11-7 fMxzh iw-½ ls vkstksu fLFkfr ¼izksQkby½ dk fu;fer eki fd;k tk jgk gSA ok;qeaMy ds mnxz LraHk esa vkstksu ds ?kuRo dh x.kuk iwjs o"kZ esa fy, x, lkIrkfgd vkstksu lkmfUMax ls dh tkrh gSA ok;qeaMyh; vkstksu dh mnxz fLFkfr ¼izksQkby vkSj vkstksu fNnz ¼gksy½ dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk v/;;u djus ds fy, flracj&vDVwcj ekg ds nkSjku cgqr ckj ifjKfIr;k¡ ¼lkmfUMax½ yh xbZ gSaA bl 'kks/k i= esa lrg ls 10 gsDVk ik- ds chp vkstksu vkSj rkieku ds ekfld ,oa okf"kZd vkSlr esa fofo/krk dh x.kuk ,oa fo'ys"k.k o"kZ 1999 ls 2007 dh vof/k esa fy, vkstksulkSans vkjksg.kksa ls fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ls irk pyk gS fd vkstksu fNnz ds laca/k esa xgu vo{k; vDrwcj esa vkSj vYi ijUrq egRoiw.kZ vo{k; flracj ekg esa gqvk gSA vDrwcj esa yxHkx 250 ,oa 20 gs-ik- ds chp lcls lqLi"V vo{k; gqvk gS ftlesa vf/kdre LFkkuh; vkstksu ds Lrj esa 70 gs-ik- vkSj 10 gs- ik- ds Lrjksa ij vkSj flrEcj esa 70 gs- ik- ij fxjkoV ns[kh xbZA fHkUu&fHkUu nkc Lrjksa ds fy, vkstksu dk rkieku ds lkFk lglaca/k ls ubZ tkudkfj;ksa vkSj vkstksu ifjorZu esa foLrkj dk irk pyk gSA iwjs o"kZ esa 300 ls 50 gs- ik- ds chp U;wure okf"kZd vkSlr rkieku -55 fMxzh ls -63 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM rd cnyrk gSA vxLr vkSj flrEcj ds eghuksa esa 70 gs- ik- rFkk 100 gs- ik- Lrjksa ij rkieku dk -80 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM ls de gksuk ,oa vDrwcj ekg esa 70 gs- ik- rFkk 100 gs- ik- Lrjksa ij yxHkx -70 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM ls de gksus dh fLFkfr dks vDrwcj ekg esa vkst+ksu vo{k; ds ladsrd ds :i esa ekuk tk ldrk gSA Regular ozone profile measurement over Antarctica has been made by India Meteorological Department over Indian second station Maitri (70.7° S, 11.7° E) with the help of Indian electro-chemical ozonesonde. Ozone density in the vertical column of the atmosphere is computed with weekly ozone soundings taken throughout the year. During the month of September- October more frequent soundings were taken to study vertical profile of atmospheric ozone and features of ozone hole. The mean monthly and yearly variation of ozone and temperature from surface to 10 hPa has been computed and analyzed from the ozonesonde ascents for the period 1999 to 2007. The study has shown profound depletion in October and lesser but substantial depletion in September, in association with the ozone hole. Depletion is most pronounced between about 250 and 20 hPa in October, with maximum local ozone losses near 70 hPa & 100 hPa levels and in September at 70 hPa. Ozone correlations with temperature for several pressure levels have revealed new insights into the causes and extent of ozone change. Lowest annual mean temperature varies from -55 to -63 °C between 300 to 50 hPa in all the year. The temperature less than -80 °C in months of August & September at 70 hPa & 100 hPa levels and about -70 °C in month of October at 70 hPa & 100 hPa levels can be attributed as an indicator of ozone depletion in months of October

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INTRODUCTION Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the common Otological conditions in India for w h i c h p a t i e n t s s e e k a d v i c e f r o m a n Otorhinolaryngologists. Poverty, illiteracy, overcrowding and poor hygiene are all factors which play an important role in the causation of the disease. Various surgical modalities of treatment have been tried since ages to eliminate this disease from the middle ear cleft. The use of the surgical microscope brought revolutionary advances into the field of Otological surgery because its new technology expanded the ability of surgeons to see in limited confines of the temporal bone. Initially endoscopes were used only for diagnostic and photographic purposes but now endoscopes are being used more and more for surgical purposes. The current study attempts to study the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic myringoplasty in comparison to the conventional microscope assisted myringoplasty. OBJECTIVES To e v a l u a t e t h e e ffi c a c y o f E n d o s c o p i c myringoplasty with Microscopic Myringoplasty with reference to hearing and graft uptake MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty cases of clinically diagnosed chronic suppurative otitis media with dry central perforation were taken into account of which 25 cases were undergone endoscopic myringoplasty a n d 2 5 c a s e s u n d e r g o n e c o n v e n t i o n a l myringoplasty. All patients were followed up till 6 months after surgery. RESULTS There was a strong statistical significant difference between the two groups (p=<0.001) for duration of surgery, hospitalization and hearing gain and graft uptake. In endoscopic and conventional groups of myringoplasty, the mean hearing loss improved to 16.88 dB and 19.76 dB respectively. CONCLUSION The surgical outcome of endoscope assisted myringoplasty was comparable in terms of tympanic membrane status after surgery, but in terms of duration of surgery, hospitalization and post-operative air bone gap patients in the endoscope group had better results. KEYWORDS Chronic suppurative otitis media, Endoscopic Myringoplasty, Microscopic Myringoplasty.

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A different name than English literature, ‘Anglo-Indian Literature’, was given to the body of literature in English that emerged on account of the British interaction with India unlike the case with their interaction with America or Australia or New Zealand. Even the Indians’ contributions (translations as well as creative pieces in English) were classed under the caption ‘Anglo-Indian’ initially but later a different name, ‘Indo-Anglian’, was conceived for the growing variety and volume of writings in English by the Indians. However, unlike the former the latter has not found a favour with the compilers of English dictionaries. With the passage of time the fine line of demarcation drawn on the basis of subject matter and author’s point of view has disappeared and currently even Anglo-Indians’ writings are classed as ‘Indo-Anglian’. Besides contemplating on various connotations of the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ the article discusses the related issues such as: the etymology of the term, fixing the name of its coiner and the date of its first use. In contrast to the opinions of the historians and critics like K R S Iyengar, G P Sarma, M K Naik, Daniela Rogobete, Sachidananda Mohanty, Dilip Chatterjee and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak it has been brought to light that the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ was first used in 1880 by James Payn to refer to the Indians’ writings in English rather pejoratively. However, Iyengar used it in a positive sense though he himself gave it up soon. The reasons for the wide acceptance of the term, sometimes also for the authors of the sub-continent, by the members of academia all over the world, despite its rejection by Sahitya Akademi (the national body of letters in India), have also been contemplated on. References Alphonso-Karkala, John B. (1970). Indo-English Literature in the Nineteenth Century, Mysore: Literary Half-yearly, University of Mysore, University of Mysore Press. Amanuddin, Syed. (2016 [1990]). “Don’t Call Me Indo-Anglian”. C. D. Narasimhaiah (Ed.), An Anthology of Commonwealth Poetry. Bengaluru: Trinity Press. B A (Compiler). (1883). Indo-Anglian Literature. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rByZ2RcSBTMC&pg=PA1&source= gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false ---. (1887). “Indo-Anglian Literature”. 2nd Issue. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/60238178 Basham, A L. (1981[1954]). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims. Indian Rpt, Calcutta: Rupa. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/TheWonderThatWasIndiaByALBasham Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Peaco*ck Lute. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd. Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Moving Finger. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd. Boria, Cavellay. (1807). “Account of the Jains, Collected from a Priest of this Sect; at Mudgeri: Translated by Cavelly Boria, Brahmen; for Major C. Mackenzie”. Asiatick Researches: Or Transactions of the Society; Instituted In Bengal, For Enquiring Into The History And Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, of Asia, 9, 244-286. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104510 Chamber’s Twentieth Century Dictionary [The]. (1971). Bombay et al: Allied Publishers. Print. Chatterjee, Dilip Kumar. (1989). Cousins and Sri Aurobindo: A Study in Literary Influence, Journal of South Asian Literature, 24(1), 114-123. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/ stable/40873985. Chattopadhyay, Dilip Kumar. (1988). A Study of the Works of James Henry Cousins (1873-1956) in the Light of the Theosophical Movement in India and the West. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Burdwan: The University of Burdwan. PDF. Retrieved from: http://ir.inflibnet. ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/68500/9/09_chapter%205.pdf. Cobuild English Language Dictionary. (1989 [1987]). rpt. London and Glasgow. Collins Cobuild Advanced Illustrated Dictionary. (2010). rpt. Glasgow: Harper Collins. Print. Concise Oxford English Dictionary [The]. (1961 [1951]). H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler. (Eds.) Oxford: Clarendon Press. 4th ed. Cousins, James H. (1921). Modern English Poetry: Its Characteristics and Tendencies. Madras: Ganesh & Co. n. d., Preface is dated April, 1921. PDF. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/ 2027/uc1.$b683874 ---. (1919) New Ways in English Literature. Madras: Ganesh & Co. 2nd edition. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.31747 ---. (1918). The Renaissance in India. Madras: Madras: Ganesh & Co., n. d., Preface is dated June 1918. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.203914 Das, Sisir Kumar. (1991). History of Indian Literature. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. Encarta World English Dictionary. (1999). London: Bloomsbury. Gandhi, M K. (1938 [1909]). Hind Swaraj Tr. M K Gandhi. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: www.mkgandhi.org/ebks/hind_swaraj.pdf. Gokak, V K. (n.d.). English in India: Its Present and Future. Bombay et al: Asia Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460832 Goodwin, Gwendoline (Ed.). (1927). Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry, London: John Murray. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.176578 Guptara, Prabhu S. (1986). Review of Indian Literature in English, 1827-1979: A Guide to Information Sources. The Yearbook of English Studies, 16 (1986): 311–13. PDF. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3507834 Iyengar, K R Srinivasa. (1945). Indian Contribution to English Literature [The]. Bombay: Karnatak Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/ indiancontributi030041mbp ---. (2013 [1962]). Indian Writing in English. New Delhi: Sterling. ---. (1943). Indo-Anglian Literature. Bombay: PEN & International Book House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/IndoAnglianLiterature Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. (2003). Essex: Pearson. Lyall, Alfred Comyn. (1915). The Anglo-Indian Novelist. Studies in Literature and History. London: John Murray. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet. dli.2015.94619 Macaulay T. B. (1835). Minute on Indian Education dated the 2nd February 1835. HTML. Retrieved from: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/ txt_minute_education_1835.html Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna. (2003). An Illustrated History of Indian Literature in English. Delhi: Permanent Black. ---. (2003[1992]). The Oxford India Anthology of Twelve Modern Indian Poets. New Delhi: Oxford U P. Minocherhomji, Roshan Nadirsha. (1945). Indian Writers of Fiction in English. Bombay: U of Bombay. Modak, Cyril (Editor). (1938). The Indian Gateway to Poetry (Poetry in English), Calcutta: Longmans, Green. PDF. Retrieved from http://en.booksee.org/book/2266726 Mohanty, Sachidananda. (2013). “An ‘Indo-Anglian’ Legacy”. The Hindu. July 20, 2013. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/an-indoanglian-legacy/article 4927193.ece Mukherjee, Sujit. (1968). Indo-English Literature: An Essay in Definition, Critical Essays on Indian Writing in English. Eds. M. K. Naik, G. S. Amur and S. K. Desai. Dharwad: Karnatak University. Naik, M K. (1989 [1982]). A History of Indian English Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, rpt.New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles [The], (1993). Ed. Lesley Brown, Vol. 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Naik, M K. (1989 [1982]). A History of Indian English Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, rpt. Oaten, Edward Farley. (1953 [1916]). Anglo-Indian Literature. In: Cambridge History of English Literature, Vol. 14, (pp. 331-342). A C Award and A R Waller, (Eds). Rpt. ---. (1908). A Sketch of Anglo-Indian Literature, London: Kegan Paul. PDF. Retrieved from: https://ia600303.us.archive.org/0/items/sketchofangloind00oateuoft/sketchofangloind00oateuoft.pdf) Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. (1979 [1974]). A. S. Hornby (Ed). : Oxford UP, 3rd ed. Oxford English Dictionary [The]. Vol. 7. (1991[1989]). J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, (Eds.). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd ed. Pai, Sajith. (2018). Indo-Anglians: The newest and fastest-growing caste in India. Web. Retrieved from: https://scroll.in/magazine/867130/indo-anglians-the-newest-and-fastest-growing-caste-in-india Pandia, Mahendra Navansuklal. (1950). The Indo-Anglian Novels as a Social Document. Bombay: U Press. Payn, James. (1880). An Indo-Anglian Poet, The Gentleman’s Magazine, 246(1791):370-375. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/stream/gentlemansmagaz11unkngoog#page/ n382/mode/2up. ---. (1880). An Indo-Anglian Poet, Littell’s Living Age (1844-1896), 145(1868): 49-52. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/stream/livingage18projgoog/livingage18projgoog_ djvu.txt. Rai, Saritha. (2012). India’s New ‘English Only’ Generation. Retrieved from: https://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/indias-new-english-only-generation/ Raizada, Harish. (1978). The Lotus and the Rose: Indian Fiction in English (1850-1947). Aligarh: The Arts Faculty. Rajan, P K. (2006). Indian English literature: Changing traditions. Littcrit. 32(1-2), 11-23. Rao, Raja. (2005 [1938]). Kanthapura. New Delhi: Oxford UP. Rogobete, Daniela. (2015). Global versus Glocal Dimensions of the Post-1981 Indian English Novel. Portal Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies, 12(1). Retrieved from: http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/portal/article/view/4378/4589. Rushdie, Salman & Elizabeth West. (Eds.) (1997). The Vintage Book of Indian Writing 1947 – 1997. London: Vintage. Sampson, George. (1959 [1941]). Concise Cambridge History of English Literature [The]. Cambridge: UP. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.18336. Sarma, Gobinda Prasad. (1990). Nationalism in Indo-Anglian Fiction. New Delhi: Sterling. Singh, Kh. Kunjo. (2002). The Fiction of Bhabani Bhattacharya. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. (2012). How to Read a ‘Culturally Different’ Book. An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Sturgeon, Mary C. (1916). Studies of Contemporary Poets, London: George G Hard & Co., Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.95728. Thomson, W S (Ed). (1876). Anglo-Indian Prize Poems, Native and English Writers, In: Commemoration of the Visit of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to India. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co., Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/ books?id=QrwOAAAAQAAJ Wadia, A R. (1954). The Future of English. Bombay: Asia Publishing House. Wadia, B J. (1945). Foreword to K R Srinivasa Iyengar’s The Indian Contribution to English Literature. Bombay: Karnatak Publishing House. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/ details/indiancontributi030041mbp Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. (1989). New York: Portland House. Yule, H. and A C Burnell. (1903). Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive. W. Crooke, Ed. London: J. Murray. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/ details/hobsonjobsonagl00croogoog Sources www.amazon.com/Indo-Anglian-Literature-Edward-Charles-Buck/dp/1358184496 www.archive.org/stream/livingage18projgoog/livingage18projgoog_djvu.txt www.catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001903204?type%5B%5D=all&lookfor%5B%5D=indo%20anglian&ft= www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.L._Indo_Anglian_Public_School,_Aurangabad www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Anglo-Indian.html www.solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&ct=search&initialSearch=true&mode=Basic&tab=local&indx=1&dum=true&srt=rank&vid=OXVU1&frbg=&tb=t&vl%28freeText0%29=Indo-Anglian+Literature+&scp.scps=scope%3A%28OX%29&vl% 28516065169UI1%29=all_items&vl%281UIStartWith0%29=contains&vl%28254947567UI0%29=any&vl%28254947567UI0%29=title&vl%28254947567UI0%29=any www.worldcat.org/title/indo-anglian-literature/oclc/30452040

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In this extensive investigation, the sources and health risk assessment of carbonaceous aerosols, as well as the elemental compositions (Ca, Al, Fe, S, K, Mg, Pd, B, Mo, Zn, Ag, Nb, Ga, Cl, Ti, Zr, Na, Cr, Cu, Mn, Cs, P, Y, Sb, Ni, Sn, F, Sr, Br, Pm, U, Pb, Th, Br, Rb, and V) of PM10, were conducted throughout January-December 2021 in Nainital, a central Himalayan region of India. The average annual mass concentration of PM10 was determined to be 64±6 µg m-3. Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs), comprising OC, EC, WSOC, and SOC, exhibited annual averages of 9.3±0.8 µg m-3, 4.9±0.5 µg m-3, 1.5±0.2 µg m-3, 2.7±0.2 µg m-3, and 2.97±0.45 µg m-3, respectively. The elemental composition featured major contributors such as Ca, Al, Fe, S, and K, alongside trace levels of various elements (Mg, Pd, B, Mo, Zn, Ag, Nb, Ga, Cl, Ti, Zr, Na, and Cr). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified six primary contributors to PM10, each with varying percentage contributions: crustal/soil/road dust, soil re-suspension, combustion, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, and biomass burning. The health risk assessment revealed elevated Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for Cr and Mn in children, indicating a non-carcinogenic health risk. Adults exposed to high Cr levels may face potential carcinogenic risks, while elements like Al, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni pose no health hazards, aligning with USEPA guidelines.

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AbstractFelsic magmatic bodies are exposed widely in the Bomdila region of the western Arunachal Himalaya, NE India. The litho-units of this region are primarily composed of two-mica (muscovite–biotite (ms–bt)) granite gneiss, referred to herein as the Bomdila granite gneiss (BGGn), and the metasediments of the Bomdila Group forming an integral part of the NE Lesser Himalayan thrust sheet. Phase petrology, whole-rock elemental geochemistry and zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotopes of the BGGn have been investigated in order to decipher the origin and timing of felsic magmatism and its implications for understanding the pre-Himalayan tectonic environment. Modally, the BGGn can be classified into monzogranite, syenogranite and quartz-rich granitoids. The composition of muscovite (Ti = 0.03–0.07, average Na = 0.07 and AlIV = 2.50–2.90 apfu), biotite (FeOt/MgO = 3.1–4.6, 2Al⇌3Fe and Mg⇌Fe substitutions, and the presence of siderophyllite) and tourmaline (Fe/Fe + Mg = 0.56–0.96, Ca < 0.17 apfu) implies their primary magmatic nature crystallized typically in a peraluminous (S-type) felsic parental melt. This is further supported by the presence of ms–bt, whole-rock molar Al2O3/CaO + Na2O + K2O (A/CNK = 1.03–1.64) and normative corundum. Whole-rock multi-cationic parameters indicate a syn-collisional tectonic environment. However, the content of Rb (average 300 ppm) and high-field strength elements (HFSEs) in the BGGn indicates syn- to post-collisional tectonic settings. The BGGn parental melt was most likely to have been generated by dehydration melting of metasedimentary sources at middle–upper crustal depths. Geochemical modelling constrains the evolution of the parental melt of the BGGn by a moderate degree of fractional differentiation (F = 0.45) involving a biotite–plagioclase–K-feldspar–muscovite–titanite–apatite (bt–pl–Kfs–ms–ttn–ap) assemblage. Laser ablation-multicollector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS)-analysed zircons from the BGGn yield a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 1752 ± 23 Ma as the crystallization age for the zircons in the BGGn melt, which falls well within the period of magmatism formed during the Columbia supercontinent accretionary orogen. The observed negative εHf(t) values (−1.67 to −7.99) and three-stage Hf-model ages (2818, 2586–2424 and 2393–2250 Ma) of zircons, strongly point to the involvement of ancient continental crust and source heterogeneity (Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic continental crust) in the generation of the BGGn melt. The reworked ancient crustal components would have once been part of the northern Indian lithosphere, as indicated by the observed 207Pb/206Pb concordant ages (2436, 2136, 2013 Ma) of the inherited zircons.

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vc rd ftu LFkkuksa ls ekSle laca/kh ?kaVsokj vk¡dMs+ miyC/k ugha gks ikrs Fks vc Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx ls mixzg ds vk/kkj ij Lopkfyr ekSle LVs’kuksa ¼AWS½ ds laLFkkiu ds dkj.k ;s vk¡dM+s izkIr gksus yxs gSa vkSj bu vk¡dM+ksa dk cgqr egRo gSA izpkyukRed ekSle iwokZuqeku ds fy, bl izdkj ds ,- MCY;w- ,l- ls izkIr fd, x, vk¡dM+ksa dh laHkkfor mi;ksfxrk fo’ks"kdj ml le; cgqr vf/kd gksrh gS ftl le; pØokrh rwQku tSlh ekSle dh izfrdwy fLFkfr;k¡ gksrh gSaA bl 'kks/k i= esa] caxky dh [kkM+h esa 4&8 uoEcj] 2010 dh vof/k esa m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr ¼TC½ tky ds cuus rFkk mlds psUuSa ds mRrjh Hkkx dks ikj djus ds ekeys dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA blesa eq[;r% Hkkjrh; izk;}hi ds nf{k.kh {ks= esa ,- MCY;w- ,l- ls izkIr fd, x, vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA blesa tky dh rhozrk dk fu/kkZj.k djus esa vk¡dM+ksa dh mi;ksfxrk dks crk;k x;k gSA 7 uoEcj] 2010 dks 1800 ;w-Vh-lh- ds vklekl JhgfjdksVk ¼SHR½ ds fudV tky ds LFky izos’k ds LFkku dks mPp iou xfr vfHkys[k] psUuS esa MkWIyj ekSle jsMkj ¼DWR½ ds mRiknksa rFkk dYiuk&1 mixzg ls izkIr mPp foHksnu okys fp=ksa tSls vU; vk/kqfud midj.kksa ls izkIr dh xbZ lwpukvksa dks lglacaf/kr djrs gq, mldk lgh <ax ls irk yxk;k x;k gSA lS)kafrd :i ls O;qRiUu vuqikfrd fLFkjkad ¼ds-½ dk mi;ksx djrs gq, pØokr okys {ks= esa nkc dh deh vkSj vf/kdre iouksa dks vkdfyr fd;k x;k gSA psUuaS ds mRrj esa fLFkr ,Uuwj canjxkg esa yxs ,- MCY;w- ,l- }kjk vfHkysf[kr fd, x, iou xfr ekuksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, Hkw&LVs’ku esa izsf{kr fd, x, vf/kdre iouksa dk Ik;kZoj.kh izokg] mlds vkxs c<+us dh fn’kk vkSj ?k"kZ.k ds izHkko dk fo’ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA leqnz esa pØokr dh iou xfr dh laHko U;wu lhek dks vkdfyr fd;k x;k vkSj ;g lR;kfir fd;k x;k fd 7 rkjh[k dks 0600 ;w-Vh-lh- ij pØokrh rwQku ds :Ik esa Vh- lh- tky ls dh xbZ izpkyukRed ?kks"k.kk lgh FkhA The hourly meteorological data available from hitherto unrepresented locations due to the installation of satellite-based Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) by India Meteorological Department are valuable. The potential utility of data from such AWS for operational weather forecasting is tremendous, particularly during adverse weather situations like that of a cyclonic storm. In this paper, a case study of the Tropical Cyclone (TC) Jal which formed during the period 4-8 November, 2010 over Bay of Bengal and crossed north of Chennai has been undertaken mainly by utilising data from AWS in the southern Indian peninsula. Utility of the data in assessment of the intensity of Jal has been explained. The landfall location of Jal near Sriharikota (SHR) around 1800 UTC of 7th November, 2010 could be pinpointed using wind and hourly pressure data correlated with inputs from other modern equipments like the High Wind Speed Recorder, products from Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) at Chennai and high resolution imageries from Kalpana-1 satellite. The pressure defect and maximum winds in the cyclone field have been computed by using a theoretically derived proportionality constant (K). An analysis on the effect of environmental flow, direction of movement and friction on the maximum winds observed in a land station has been made using the wind speed values recorded by AWS at Ennore Port located north of Chennai. The possible lower bound of wind speed of the cyclone while out at sea has been computed and verified that the operational declaration of the TC Jal as a cyclonic storm at 0600 UTC of 7th was correct.

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Trong nghiên cứu này, kỹ thuật huỳnh quang tia X phản xạ toàn phần (TXRF) được ứng dụng đã xác định được 24 nguyên tố, bao gồm: Al, P, S, Cl, K, Sr, Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Ba, La, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ta, Pb, Th, và U trên rêu Barbula Indica tại thành phố Bảo Lộc (Việt Nam) từ tháng mười một năm 2019 đến tháng ba năm 2020. Kết quả cũng đã dự đoán những nguồn ô nhiễm mang lại. Ở nghiên cứu này cho thấy việc sử dụng mẫu rêu có sẵn, và kỹ thuật TXRF là hiệu quả, rất thuận lợi để xác định sự lắng động các nguyên tố vết trong không khí cho những quốc gia đang phát triển, đặc biệt là Việt Nam và các nước Châu Á.

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Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) commonly known as Kaphal is a small aromatic evergreen tree, abundantly grows in the sub-tropi cal Hi malaya from K ash mi r to Bh u tan . Common l y assoc i ate d wi th Oak an d Rhododenderon forests. The bark of the tree is utilized for its astringent, stimulant and resolvent properties. The decoction of the bark along with cinnamone is given in chronic cough and piles. The bark of the plant is used as a dye in ancient Indian traditions and also as a natural mordant. The berries of the plant is one of th e ri ch est source of wax, u se d as a raw mate ri al for c an dl e an d soap maki ng i ndustrie s. A n umbe r of flavonoids, tannins, Xanthones, terpines and many other anthocyanins have been isolated from the different part of th e plant. The pre se nt pape r de als with isolati on and ch arac te rization of se condary metabol ites namely 2-methyl pyrane 3-O--D-glucoside and Flavone 3,’4,’ dihydroxy 6-methyl 7-O--L-rhamnopyranoside from the plant and optimization of dyeing procedure with isolated compounds on different fibres like silk, wool, cotton etc with and without natural and synthetic mordants. Efforts will be made to check the washing and ligh t fastness properties of dyed samples.

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Cakxky dh [kkM+h esa m".kdfVca/kh; rwQkuksa ds ekxZ vkSj mudh rhozrk ds iwokZuqeku rduhd esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, iwokZuqeku fun’kZu ifj;kstuk ¼,Q-Mh-ih-½ uked ,d dk;ZØe rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA ,Q-Mh-ih- dk;ZØe dk mÌs’;] ftu {ks=ksa ls vk¡dM+s vO;ofLFkr :i ls izkIr gksrs gSa ogk¡ muds loaf/kZr izs{k.kksa ds lkFk gh lkFk mRrjh fgUn egklkxj esa pØokrksa ds mRiUu gksus] muds rhoz gksus vkSj mudh xfr dk vkdyu djus ds fy, fofHkUu l[;kRed ekSle iwokZuqeku ¼,u- MCY;w- ih-½ fun’kksZ dh {kerk dk izn’kZu djuk rFkk fo’ks"k :i ls caxky dh [kkM+h ls lacaf/kr ogha mlh LFkku ij fy, x, ekiksa ds vk/kkj ij fun’kksZ esa lq/kkj djuk gSA ,Q-Mh-ih- dk;ZØe rhu pj.kksa esa fu/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS uker% ¼i½ izh&ikbyV pj.k ¼15 vDrwcj ls 30 uoacj 2008] 2009½] ¼ii½ ikbyV pj.k ¼15 vDrwcj ls 30 uoacj 2010&2012½ rFkk ¼iii½ vafre pj.k ¼15 vDrwcj ls 30 uoacj 2013&2014½A Hkkjr] fdjk, ds gokbZ tgkt vkSj MªkWilkSansa iz;ksxksa ls 15 vDrwcj ls 30 uoacj 2013&2014 ds nkSjku caxky dh [kkM+h esa cuus okys pØokrksa dk gokbZ tgkt ds tfj, irk yxkus dh ;kstuk cuk jgk gSA bl mÌs’; ds iwfrZ ds fy, ¼i½ izs{k.kkRed mUu;u ¼ii½ pØokr fo’ys"k.k vkSj iwokZuqeku iz.kkyh dk vk/kqfudhdj.k ¼iii½ pØokr fo’ys"k.k vkSj iwokZuqeku izfØ;k ¼iv½ psrkouh mRiknksa dks rS;kj djuk] mudk izLrqrhdj.k rFkk izlj.k ¼v½ fo’oluh;rk mik; vkSj {kerk fuekZ.k ij izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij dk;Z fd, x,A pØokr ds izs{k.k] fo’ys"k.k vkSj iwokZuqeku esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, fofHkUu dk;Z iz.kkfy;k¡ viukbZ xbZaA o"kZ 2008&11 ds nkSjku ,Q-Mh-ih- vfHk;ku ds izh&ikbyV vkSj ikbyV pj.kksa esa la;qDr izs{k.kkRed] lapkjkRed vkSj ,u-MCY;w-ih- xfrfof/k;ksa esa vusd jk"Vªh; laLFkkuksa us Hkkx fy;kA ,Q-Mh-ih- ds igys vkSj mlds ckn dh izs{k.kkRed iz.kkfy;ksa dh rqyuk ls {ks= esa jsMkj] Lopkfyr ekSle dsUnz ¼,- MCY;w-,l-½] mPp iou xfr fjdkWMjksa esa egRoiw.kZ lq/kkj dk irk pyk gSA bl lq/kkj ls ekWuhVju vkSj iwokZuqeku esa gksus okyh =qfV;ksa esa deh vkbZ gSA th- ,Q- ,l- MCY;w vkj- ,Q] ,p- MCY;w- vkj- ,Q- vkSj vlsEcy iwokZuqeku iz.kkyh ¼bZ- ih- ,l-½ ds vkjaHk gksus ls ,u- MCY;w- ih- funsZ’kksa ds dk;Z fu"iknu esa o`f) gqbZ gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa bl ifj;kstuk dh miyfC/k;ksa ds egRoiw.kZ y{k.kksa lfgr leL;kvksa vkSj laHkkoukvksa dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gS rFkk mudh foospuk dh xbZ gSA pØokrksa dk gokbZ tgkt }kjk irk yxkus ds fy, ckj&ckj fd, x, iz;klksa ds ckotwn ;g dk;Z vHkh laHko ugha gks ldk gSA o"kZ 2013&14 ds nkSjku Hkkoh vfHk;ku ds le; ;g ,d eq[; pqukSrh gksxhA A programme has been evolved for improvement in prediction of track and intensity of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal resulting in the Forecast Demonstration Project (FDP). FDP programme is aimed to demonstrate the ability of various Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models to assess the genesis, intensification and movement of cyclones over the north Indian ocean with enhanced observations over the data sparse region and to incorporate modification into the models which could be specific to the Bay of Bengal based on the in-situ measurements. FDP Programme is scheduled in three phases, viz., (i) Pre-pilot phase (15 Oct - 30 Nov 2008, 2009, (ii) Pilot phase (15 Oct - 30 Nov, 2010-2012) and (iii) Final phase (15 Oct - 30 Nov, 2013-14). India is planning to take up aircraft probing of cyclones over the Bay of Bengal during 15 Oct - 30 Nov, 2013-14 with hired aircraft and dropsonde experiments. To accomplish the above objective, the initiative was carried out with priorities on (i) observational upgradation, (ii) modernisation of cyclone analysis and prediction system, (iii) cyclone analysis and forecasting procedure, (iv) warning products generation, presentation & dissemination, (v) confidence building measures and capacity building. Various strategies were adopted for improvement of observation, analysis and prediction of cyclone. Several national institutions participated for joint observational, communicational & NWP activities during the pre-pilot and pilot phases of FDP campaign during 2008-11. The comparison of observational systems before and after FDP indicates a significant improvement in terms of Radar, Automatic Weather Station (AWS), high wind speed recorders over the region. It has resulted in reduction in monitoring and forecasting errors. The performance of NWP models have increased along with the introduction of NWP platforms like IMD GFS, WRF, HWRF and ensemble prediction system (EPS). Salient features of achievements along with the problems and prospects of this project are presented and discussed in this paper. With repeated attempts, the aircraft probing of cyclones could not be possible till now. It is a major challenge for the future campaign during 2013-14.

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Lkkj & balSV ls izkIr lh- ,e- oh- dh xq.krk vk’oklu ¼D;w- ,-½ tk¡p izkjaHk esa ,u- lh- bZ- ih- okf’kaxVu vFkok bZ- lh- ,e- MCY;w- ,Q- ls izkIr 12 ?kaVs ds fuEu foHksnu iwokZuqeku ds vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx djds dh tkrh gSA fgan egklkxj ds vi;kZIr vk¡dM+ksa okys {ks= ls balSV vFkok vU; mixzgksa ls izkIr lh- ,e- oh- dk mi;ksx bu iwokZuqekuksa esa izkjaHk esa ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA vU; dsUnzksa dks balSV ls izkIr lh- ,e- oh- dh xq.krk fo’oluh; Lrj dh ugha yxhA tqykbZ 98 ls igys] balSV ds vykok fdlh vU; mixzg ls fgan egklkxj ds vi;kZIr vk¡dM+ksa okys {ks= ds vk¡dM+s izkIr ugha gq,A tqykbZ 98 esa] ehfVvkslSV&5 dks fgan egklkxj ds Åij 63 fMxzh iwoZ dh vksj f[kldk;k x;kA balSV ekSle foKku vk¡dM+k lalk/ku ra= ¼vkbZ- ,e- Mh- ih- ,l-½ esa balSV ls lh- ,e- oh- izkIr djus dh izpkyukRed ;kstuk esa dqN egRoi.kZ lq/kkj fd, x, ftlls mi;ksxdrkZvksa dks csgrj xq.krk ds mixzg ls izkIr iou ds vk¡dM+s miyC/k djok, tk ldsaA la’kksf/kr ,yxksfjFe esa xq.krk vk’oklu tk¡p esa ,y- ,- ,e- iwokZuqeku dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA LiSDVªe dh 'khr ifjf/k ij es?kksa ds dqN izfr’kr ds vkSlr rkieku ds vk/kkj ij nkc vkSj m¡pkbZ;k¡ fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gSaA balSV vkSj ehfV;kslsV&5 ls izkIr lh- ,e- oh dk foLrkj ls rqyukRed v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA balSV vkSj ehfV;kslsV-5 ls izkIr ifj"Ñr lh- ,e- oh- ds chp xq.krk ds vk/kkj ij vPNh vuq:irk dk irk pyk gSA vfHkufr vkSj vkj- ,e- ,l esa Hkh lq/kkj gq, gSaA lh- ,e- oh- esa igys izsf{kr {ks=h; iouksa esa Hkh lq/kkj gqvk gSA ehfV;kslsV&5 dh rqyuk esa balSV ls izkIr lh- ,e- oh- dh de la[;k dk dkj.k balSV jsfM;ksehVj dk fuEu LFkkfud foHksnu gSA fp=ksa ds f=d ls rS;kj lh- ,e- oh- ds nks lSVksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k ftlesa nks lSVksa esa LFkkfir lh- ,e- oh- dks 'kkfey ugha djus dk /;ku j[kk x;k gSA balSV ls izkIr ifj"Ñr lh- ,e- oh- ls ekWMy }kjk fd, tkus okys iwokZuqeku ij ldkjkRed izHkko iMk gSA Earlier Quality Assurance (QA) tests of INSAT derived CMVs were done using low resolution 12 hour forecast from NCEP Washington or ECMWF. These forecasts earlier did not use satellite derived CMVs from INSAT or other satellites from data sparse Indian Ocean. Other centers did not find INSAT CMVs of reliable quality. Before July 1998, no other satellite except INSAT covered the data sparse Indian Ocean. In July 1998, METEOSAT-5 was shifted over Indian Ocean at 63 degree East. Certain vital changes have been incorporated in the operational scheme of INSAT CMVs derivation at INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System (IMDPS) for providing satellite derived winds of improved quality to the users. The modified algorithm uses LAM forecast in QA tests. Pressures and heights are assigned on the basis of mean temperature of certain percentage of cloud population at the cold end of the spectrum. Detailed comparison of CMVs from INSAT and METEOSAT-5 has been done. The improved CMVs from INSAT and METEOSAT-5 show quite good agreement qualitatively. The bias and RMS also show improvements. Zonal winds observed earlier in CMVs have shown improvement. The lesser number of INSAT CMVs is due to lower spatial resolution of INSAT radiometer compared to METEOSAT-5. The two sets of CMVs generated from triplet of images are being combined, taking care of excluding the collocated CMVs in the two sets. The improved INSAT derived CMVs have shown positive impact on the Model forecast.

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fiNys pkj n’kdksa ls m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa ¼Vh-lh-½ ds egRoiw.kZ izs{k.k miyC/k djkus esa ekSle foKkfud mixzgksa dh {kerkvksa ls lHkh ifjfpr gSA Hkw&LFkSfrd ekSle foKkfud mixzgksa ls izkIr n`’;] vojDr vkSj ty ok"i pSuyksa ls i`Foh ds es?kkPNknu ds yxkrkj izkIr gksus okys fp= vkSj bu vk¡dM+ksa ls ek=kRed mRiknksa dks rS;kj djus dh {kerk lcls egRoiw.kZ gSA ekSle foKkfud mixzg v/;;u lgdkjh laLFkku ¼lh-vkbZ-,e-,l-,l-½ foLdkasflu ;wfuoflZVh] ;w-,l-,- esa fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa fd, x, vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl iz;klksa ls m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa ds Lopkfyr fo’ys"k.k ds fy, ,d mUur M~oksjd rduhd ¼,-Mh-Vh-½ dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA mRrjh vVykafVd vkSj dSfjfc;u lkxj esa vkus okys pØokrksa ds fo’ys"k.k ds fy, bl rduhd dk izpkyukRed mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA tcfd Hkkjrh; leqnzksa esa ijEijkxr M~oksjd rduhd ¼Mh-Vh-½ csgrj dk;Z djrh gS rFkkfi gekjs {ks= esa bl le; izpkyukRed vk/kkj ij ,-Mh-,- dk mi;ksx bruk dkjxj ugha gSA lh-vkbZ-,e-,l-,l- esa fiNys dqN o"kksaZ esa vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl iz;klksa ls mixzg ds vk¡dM+ksa ls izkIr fd, x, ek=kRed mRiknksa esa Hkh dkQh lq/kkj gqvk gSA bu mRiknksa esa fuf’pr :i esa m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa ds fo’ys"k.k esa lq/kkj vk;k gS vkSj ;s m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa dh Hkkoh xfr fn’kk dk iwokZuqeku djus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ lwpuk miyC/k djkrs gaSA Hkkjrh; mixzgksa ds vk¡dM+ksa ls orZeku esa izpkyukRed mRiknksa dh xq.koRrk midj.kksa ds vifj"—r foHksnu ij vk/kkfjr gSA vxys o"kZ ¼2013½ ls bulSV Ja[kyk ds u, mixzg ls vf/kd csgrj xq.koRrk ds vk¡dM+sa miyC/k gksus ls mRiknksa dh xq.koRrk esa vkSj vf/kd lq/kkj vkus dh vPNh laHkkouk gSA lw{e rajx vk/kkfjr midj.kksa ls izkIr vk¡dMsa+ Hkh m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr ds fo’ys"k.k ds fy, vfrfjDr mi;ksxh lwpuk miyC/k djkrs gSaA Åijh {kksHkeaMy esa m".k dksj folaxfr m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr dh rhozrk dk mi;ksxh lwpd gSA Capabilities of meteorological satellites to provide vital observations on Tropical Cyclones (TC) are well known since more than last four decades. Most important are the frequent pictures of earth’s cloud cover in the visible, IR and water vapour channels obtained from Geostationary meteorological satellites together with the capability of generating a number of quantitative products from these data. R&D efforts of last several years at the Cooperative Institute of Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), Wisconsin University, USA have culminated into development of an Advanced Dvorak’s Technique (ADT) for automatic analysis of Tropical Cyclones. It is in operational use for analysis of North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea cyclones. It has been used on experimental basis at Satellite Meteorology Center, IMD while the conventional Dvorak Technique (DT) works well over the Indian seas, experience of using ADT does not permit at present its use on operational basis over our region. R&D efforts of last several years at CIMSS have also resulted in lot of improvements in the Quantitative products derived from the satellite data. These products have certainly improved the analysis of TC and have provided useful information for predicting the future intensity/movement of TCs. Quality of currently operational products from Indian satellite data is limited by the coarser resolution of the instruments. With the availability of much better quality of data from the new satellite of INSAT series from year (2013) onward there is a good possibility of making further improvements in the quality of products. Data obtained from microwave based instruments also provides useful additional information for TC analysis. The warm core anomaly in the upper troposphere is a useful indicator of the TC intensity.

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Hkkjr esa xzh"edkyhu ekulwu ds nkSjku flukWfIVd vkSj mi&ekSleh mrkj p<+koksa dks le>us ds fy, o"kZ 2011 esa egk}hih; m".kdfVca/kh; vfHklj.k {ks= ¼lh-Vh-lh-tsM-½ ds uke ls Hkkjrh; ok;qeaMyh;&leqnzh foKku leqnk; us ,d QhYM dk;Zdze vk;ksftr fd;kA bl dk;Zdze dk ,d mís'; ekulwu ds flukWfIVd vkSj varjk&ekSleh mrkj&p<+koksa ls lacaf/kr c`greku ifjlapj.k ds dzfed fodkl ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr djuk Hkh jgk gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa ekulwu 2011 ds le; cM+s iSekus ij gq, mrkj&Pk<+koksa ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2011 esa ekuwlu esa ekSle dh yxHkx lkekU; o"kkZ gqbZ rFkkfi mi&ekSleh eku ij twu ekg esa vPNh o"kkZ gqbZ] rRi'pkr tqykbZ ekg esa de o"kkZ gqbZ vksj fQj vxLr ekg ds vkjaHk ls ysdj flracj ekg ds var rd fQj ls vPNh o"kkZ gqbZA ekSle ds iwokZ)Z esa djhc&djhc U;wVªy yk&fuuk fLFkfr;k¡ cuhA rFkkfi vxLr ekg ls ysdj flracj ekg ds var rd Hkwe/;js[kh; iwohZ iz'kkar egklkxj esa leqnz lrg rkieku ¼,l-,l-Vh-½ lkekU; ls de ¼yk&fuuk fLFkfr;k¡½ esa ifjofrZr gks x,A gkykafd xaxk ds eSnkuh Hkkxksa esa fuEu {kksHkeaMy ij leqnz dh rjQ ls vkus okyh ok;q dk izokg cuk] ij iwjh _rq esa ok;q foy; yksM lkekU; ls cgqr de cus jgsA bl 'kks/k i= esa flukWfIVd ds fofHkUu igyq] iz'kkar egklkxj esa ,l-,l-Vh ds lqnwj izHkko ls lacaf/kr ekulwu ds miekSleh mrkj&p<+koksa rFkk Hkkjrh; leqnzh f}/zkqo ¼vkbZ-vks-Mh-½ ds LFkkuh; izHkko ij fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k x;kA blds lkFk&lkFk izpkyukRed lkaf[;dh; ekSle izkxqfDr ¼,u-MCY;w-ih-½ fun'kksZa] ;wjksih; e/; vof/k ekSle iwokZuqeku dsUnz ¼bZ-lh-,e-MCY;w-,Q-½] HkweaMyh; iwokZuqeku iz.kkyh ¼th-,Q-,l-½ vkSj ekSle vuqla/kku vkSj iwokZuqeku ¼MCY;w-vkj-,Q-½ ds fu"iknu ij Hkh fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k x;kA lh-Vh-lh-tsM- vkadM+ksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, ekulwu 2011 ds fu"iknu ds vk/kj ij vkxs fd, tkus okys vuqla/kku ds dbZ {ks=ksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh lq>ko j[ks x,A Indian atmosphere-ocean science community organised a field programme known as Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) during 2011 to understand the synoptic and sub-seasonal fluctuations of summer monsoon over India. One of the objectives of the programme was to understand the evolution of the large scale circulation in relation to synoptic & intra-seasonal fluctuations of the monsoon. The paper addresses the large scale fluctuations of Monsoon-2011. The Monsoon-2011 performed very close to the normal rainfall of the season. However, on the sub-seasonal scale its performance was good during June, became deficient during July and it recovered from the beginning of August to the end of September. The early part of the season was accompanied by near neutral La-Nina conditions. However, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean shifted to below normal (La-Nina conditions) from August to the end of September. As the Gangetic Plain was swept by marine origin air stream in the lower troposphere, the aerosol load remained much below the normal during the entire season. The paper discusses different aspect of synoptic, sub-seasonal fluctuations of monsoon in relation to remote forcing of the SSTs in the Pacific and the local forcing of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Also the performance of the operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Global Forecast System (GFS) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) is discussed. Several areas of further research using CTCZ data are also suggested based on the performance of the Monsoon-2011.

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A group of five cv. Red Formosa azaleas (also known as cv. Dixie Beauty, an evergreen indica type of Rhododendron indicum) was observed with powdery mildew symptoms in Baton Rouge, LA in early March 2006. Symptoms included leaf distortion, purple leaf pigmentation at infection sites, and irregular necrotic areas. White, sparse, superficial fungal mycelium was present on both leaf surfaces. There was no active conidia production at this time and no cleistothecia were found on the old infected leaves. Infected plants were 5 years old and growing in heavy shade beneath a large deciduous oak tree. Two other groups of powdery mildew-free cv. Red Formosa, containing 6 and 11 plants each, were growing in mostly shade-free areas within 30 and 140 m, respectively, of the infected plants. Of 5,091 azaleas surveyed in and around Baton Rouge, only three other infected plants were found beside the original five. Among the plants surveyed were 167 additional cv. Red Formosa azaleas. The three additional infected azaleas, all the same unidentified indica type cultivar and growing in dense shade, showed severe leaf distortion and leaf drop. Conidia were produced abundantly on these plants in April and early May, but the teleomorph was not found. Pathogenicity tests were performed by rubbing leaves with sporulating powdery mildew from infected cv. Red Formosa plants on terminal leaves of two branches each of three 1-gallon-container plants of the same cultivar. A clear plastic bag containing a damp paper towel was placed over each inoculated branch for 48 h and then removed. Noninoculated branches on the same plants served as controls. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse (21 to 27°C). After 5 days, the first symptoms and signs of infection appeared on inoculated leaves in the form of purple pigment formation and white sporulating mycelia. After 12 days, terminal leaves on all inoculated branches showed symptoms and signs of powdery mildew, and after 18 days, leaf puckering and irregular necrotic spotting was common; purple pigmentation often outlined infected areas in which white mycelia and conidia production occurred. Some sporulation was present on petioles and some leaf drop occurred. The foliage on noninoculated branches remained disease free. Conidia from original infected plants were produced singly, ellipsoid to cylindric, lacked fibrosin bodies, and measured 27 to 54 μm long (mean = 37.4, standard error (SE) = 0.19, n = 102) × 15 to 23 μm wide (mean = 17.4, SE = 0.13, n = 102). Conidia sometimes formed short chains of two to four on inoculated plants held in the greenhouse. Conidiophores measured 77 to 123 μm long (mean = 106, SE = 1.1, n = 12) × 7 to 10 μm wide (mean = 8.9, SE = 0.26, n = 12) and had curved or twisted bases. Appressoria were multilobed. On the basis of these characters, the anamorph of the azalea powdery mildew was identified as Oidium ericinum Erikss. = Erysiphe (Microsphaera) azaleae (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. (1,2,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of azalea powdery mildew in Louisiana. Powdery mildew is more common on deciduous than on evergreen azaleas and is more common in northern parts of the United States, especially in the Pacific Northwest (3). References: (1) U. Braun. Nova Hedwigia Suppl. 89:1, 1987. (2) U. Braun and S. Takamatsu. Schlechtendalia 4:5, 2000. (3) M. L. Daughtrey and D. M. Benson. Rhododendron diseases. Page 339 in: Diseases of Woody Ornamentals and Trees in Nurseries. R. K. Jones and D. M. Benson, eds. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 2001. (4) A. J. Inman et al. J. Phytopathol. 148:17, 2000.

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ABSTRACT Background Cancer till today remains the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Plants have been beacon of therapeutic sources for curing diseases from times immemorial. Hence, the present study aimed at evaluating the antiproliferative activity of extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on oral cancer cell line. Objectives: • To evaluate the antiproliferative effect and to analyze dose dependent cytotoxic activity of aqueous extract of O. sanctum leaves on KB mouth cell line. • To compare the effectiveness among different variety of O. sanctum. Materials and methods KB cells (Mouth Epidermal Carcinoma Cells) were used for the present study. Aqueous and dry extract of O. sanctum with both dark (Krishna Tulsi) and light (Rama Tulsi) leaves were prepared in the institution. The antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity on KB cell line was evaluated by MTT assay. Statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon matched pairs test was carried out. Results The aqueous extract of O. sanctum of both the leaves exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against oral cancer cell line. Conclusion Aqueous extract of O. sanctum leaves was effective as an antiproliferative agent which caused apoptosis in oral cancer cell line. Clinical significance Ocimum sanctum herb which is abundantly grown in India can be used for its anticancer properties for treating oral cancer. This will not only be cost-effective but will also have less or no side effects. How to cite this article Shivpuje P, Ammanangi R, Bhat K, Katti S. Effect of Ocimum sanctum on Oral Cancer Cell Line: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):709-714.

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Since ancient times India has been a multilingual society and languages in India have thrived though at times many races and religions came into conflict. The states in modern India were reorganised on linguistic basis in 1956 yet in contrast to the European notion of one language one nation, majority of the states have more than one official language. The Linguistic Survey of India (LSI) conducted by Grierson between 1866 and 1927 identified 179 languages and 544 dialects. The first post-independence Indian census after (1951) listed 845 languages including dialects. The 1991 Census identified 216 mother tongues were identified while in 2001 their number was 234. The three-language formula devised to maintain the multilingual character of the nation and paying due attention to the importance of mother tongue is widely accepted in the country in imparting the education at primary and secondary levels. However, higher education system in India impedes multilingualism. According the Constitution it is imperative on the “Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India … by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.” However, the books translated into Hindi mainly from English have found favour with neither the students nor the teachers. On the other hand the predominance of English in various competitive examinations has caused social discontent leading to mass protests and cases have been filed in the High Courts and the Supreme Court against linguistic imperialism of English and Hindi. The governments may channelize the languages but in a democratic set up it is ultimately the will of the people that prevails. Some languages are bound to suffer a heavy casualty both in the short and long runs in the process. References Basil, Bernstein. (1971). Class, Codes and Control: Theoretical Studies Towards a Sociology of Language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in Development: Language, Literacy, and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Chambers, J. K. (2009). Sociolinguistic Theory: Linguistic Variation and Its Social Significance. Malden: Wiley Blackwell. Constitution of India [The]. (2007). Retrieved from: http://lawmin.nic.in/ coi/coiason29july08.pdf. Cummins, J. (2000). Language, Power and Pedagogy. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Dictionary of Quotations in Communications. (1997). L. McPherson Shilling and L. K. Fuller (eds.), Westport: Greenwood. Fishman, J. A. (1972). The Sociology of Language. An Interdisciplinary Social Science Approach to Language in Society. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Gandhi, M. K. (1917). Hindi: The National Language for India. In: Speeches and Writings of Mahatma Gandhi, (pp.395–99). Retrieved from http://www.mkgandhi.org/ towrds_edu/chap15.htm. Gandhi, M. K. Medium of Instruction. Retrieved from http://www.mkgandhi.org/towrds_edu/chap14.htm. Giglioli, P. P. (1972). Language and Social Context: Selected Readings. Middlesex: Penguin Books. Gumperz, J. J., Dell H. H. (1972). Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Haugen, E. (1966). Language Conflict and Language Planning: The Case of Modern Norwegian, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Hymns of the Atharva-Veda. Tr. Maurice Bloomfield. In: Sacred Books of the East, 42, 1897. Retrieved from: http://www.archive.org/stream/ SacredBooksEastVariousOrientalScholarsWithIndex.50VolsMaxMuller/42.SacredBooks East.VarOrSch.v42.Muller.Hindu.Bloomfield.HymnsAtharvaVed.ExRitBkCom.Oxf.189 7.#page/n19/mode/2up. Jernudd, B. H. (1982). Language Planning as a Focus for Language Correction. Language Planning Newsletter, 8(4) November, 1–3. Retrieved from http://languagemanagement.ff.cuni.cz/en/system/files/documents/Je rnudd_LP%20as%20 LC.pdf. Kamat, V. The Languages of India. Retrieved from http://www.kamat.com/indica/diversity/languages.htm. King, K., & Mackey, A. (2007). The Bilingual Edge: Why, When, and How to Teach Your Child a Second Language. New York: Collins. Kosonen, K. (2005). Education in Local Languages: Policy and Practice in Southeast Asia. First Languages First: Community-based Literacy Programmes for Minority Language Contexts in Asia. Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok. Lewis, E. G. (1972). Multilingualism in the Soviet Union: Aspects of Language Policy and Its Implementation. Mouton: The Hague. Linguistic Survey of India. George Abraham Grierson (Comp. and ed.). Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, 1903–1928. PDF. Retrieved from http://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/. Macaulay, T. B. (1835). Minute dated the 2nd February 1835. Web. Retrieved from http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/txt_minute_ed uca tion_1835.html. Mansor, S. (2005). Language Planning in Higher Education. New York: Oxford University Press. Mishra, Dr Jayakanta & others, PIL Case no. CWJC 7505/1998. Patna High Court. Peñalosa, F. (1981). Introduction to the Sociology of Language. New York: Newbury House Publishers. Sapir, E. in “Mutilingualism & National Development: The Nigerian Situation”, R O Farinde, In Nigerian Languages, Literatures, Culture and Reforms, Ndimele, Ozo-mekuri (Ed.), Port Harcourt: M & J Grand Orbit Communications, 2007. Simons, G., Fennig, C. (2017). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved from http://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN. Stegen, O. Why Teaching the Mother Tongue is Important? Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/2406265/Why_teaching_the_mother_tongue_is_important. “The Tower of Babel”. Genesis 11:1–9. The Bible. Retrieved from https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+11:1–9. Trudgill, Peter (2000). Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. London: Penguin. UNESCO (1953). The Use of the Vernacular Languages in Education. Monographs on Foundations of Education, No. 8. Paris: UNESCO. U P Hindi Sahitya Sammelan vs. the State of UP and others. Supreme Court of India 2014STPL(web)569SC. Retrieved from: http://judis.nic.in/ supremecourt/ imgs1.aspx?filename=41872. Whorf, B. L. (1940). Science and linguistics. Technology Review, 42(6), 229–31, 247–8. Sources http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/ling_survey_india.htm http://www.ciil-lisindia.net/ http://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN http://peopleslinguisticsurvey.org/ http://www.rajbhasha.nic.in/en/official-language-rules-1976 http://www.ugc.ac.in/journallist/ http://www.unesco.org/new/en/international-mother-language-day

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REFERENCES Ahmad, S., M., Raza, M., Saleem, M., Zaheer, R., Iqbal, I. Haider, M. Aslam, M. Ali, and I. Khan, 2020.'Significance of partial root zone drying and mulches for water saving and weed suppression in wheat', J. Anim. Plant. Sci, 30, 154-162. Al-Chalabi, F. 2003. 'Biological response to wheat as control of the weeds diclofop-mathy herbicide alternating with the herbicide 2.4-D and the effect in the bio', Iraqi Agric. Sci., 24(1), 84-110 Al-Chalabi, F. T. and H. S. M. Al-Agidi, 2010. 'weed compettetion effect on wheat cultivares and its impact on growth characterstics ', Anbar journal od agricultural sciences 8(4), : 12 Ali, K. A., M. H. Qadir, S. O. Rasoul, and S. S. Ali, 2016. 'physiological and yield responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to different herbicide treatments', JZS (2016) 18-04 (Part-A). Amare, T., Sharma, J. and K. Zewdie, 2014. 'Effect of weed control methods on weeds and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield', World journal of agricultural research, 1(2), : 124-128 Ashrafi, Z. Y., Mashhadi, H. R., Sadeghi, S. and Blackshaw, R. E. (2009) 'Study effects of planting methods and tank mixed herbiciedes on weeds controlling and wheat yield', Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(1), : 101 Ayana, B. 2019. Effects of Seed Rates and Herbicides Application on Weed Management and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) at Holeta Ethiopia. Jimma University Baktash; F. Y. and M. A. Naes. 2016. Evaluation bread wheat pure lines under effect of unlike seeding rates for grain yield and it,s component. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 47(5):1132-1140. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i5.488 Baktash; F. Y. and M. A. Naes. 2016. Evaluation bread wheat pure lines under effect of unlike seeding rates. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 47(5):1141-1150. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i5.489 Benvenuti, S., Macchia, M. and Miele, S. (2001) 'Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth', Weed Science, 49(4). 528-535 Black, C., D. Evans, and R. Dinauer, 1965. 'Methods of soil analysis, Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy. Vol. 9, : 653-708 Burkov, A., A. Glushkov, and V. Lazykin, 2018. 'Development of grain-cleaning machines working on fractional technology', Perm Agrarian Journal, 23(3), : 12-19 Castillo-Luna, M. d. P. and R. Gómez-Gómez, 2016. 'Effect of soil steam sterilization on weed seeds', Agronomía Mesoamericana, 27(2), : 409-413 Chaudhary, S. U., M. Hussain, M. A. Ali, and J. Iqbal, 2008. 'Effect of weed competition period on yield and yield components of wheat', J. Agric. Res, 46(1), : 47-54 Chicouene, D. 2020. 'Inventory and mechanisms of cultural control practices for weed management, a review', Journal of Research in Weed Science, 3(4), : 490-528 Dhahi A.M. and F. Y. Baktash. 2018. Evaluation performance of bread wheat pure lines to growth traits and proline. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 49(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v49i1.198 Dhahi A.M. and F. Y. Baktash. 2018. Impact of moisture depletion percentages on some growth characters and yield for selected genotypes of bread wheat. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 49(2):160-170. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v49i2.160 De Lucas Bueno, C. and R. Froud Williams, 1996. 'Effect of the seed size on the competitive ability of winter wheat cultivars', Annales ANPP (France). Dietrich, P., S., Cesarz, N. Eisenhauer, and C. Roscher, 2020. 'Effects of steam sterilization on soil abiotic and biotic properties', Soil Organisms, 92(2), pp. 99–108-99–108 Edwards, J. T. and E. G. Krenzer Jr, 2006. 'Quality of Farmer‐Saved Wheat Seed is Variable in the Southern Great Plains', Crop Management, 5(1), : 1-7 Gharde, Y., Singh, P., Dubey, R. and Gupta, P. (2018) 'assessment of yield and economic losses in agriculture due to weeds in India', crop protection, 107, : 12-18 Hossain, M. 2015. 'recent perspective of herbicide: review of demand and adoption in world agriculture', Journal of the Bangladesh agricultural university, 13(452-2016-35850), : 13-24 Hussain, M. I., Abideen, Z., Danish, S., Asghar, M. A. and Iqbal, K. 2021.'Integrated Weed Management for Sustainable Agriculture', Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 52: Springer, : 367-393 ISWS, G. J. I. C. 2018. 'Fifty Years of Weed Research in India '. ISWS Golden Jubilee ,Internationasl Conference / Fifty years of weed reasearch in India, Jabalpur India, 2018: Indian Society of Weed Science (ISWS)/ ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research (DWR) Maharajpur.Jabalpur- 482 004 India ;Http://WWW.isws.org.in, 357p Javaid, A., R. Bajwa, and T. Anjum, 2008. 'Effect of heat-sterilization and EM (effective microorganisms) application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in organic-amended sandy loam soil', cereal research communications, 36(3), : 489-499 Kandasamy, S., N. Weerasuriya, D. Gritsiouk, G. Patterson, S. Saldias, S. Ali, and G. Lazarovits, 2020. 'Size variability in seed lot impact seed nutritional balance, seedling vigor, microbial composition and plant performance of common corn hybrids', Agronomy, 10(2), : 157 Khan, M. B., Asif, M., Hussain, N. and M. Iqbal, 2000. 'Agro-Economic impact of different weed control strategies in wheat', J. Res. Sci, 11(1), : 46-49 Khazaei, F., M., AghaAlikhani, S. Mobasser, , A., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, H. Asharin, and H. Sadeghi, 2016. 'Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) seed quality of certified seed and farm-saved seed in three provinces of Iran', plant breeding and seed science, 73, : 99-115 Kiss, R., O.,Valkó, B. Tóthmérész, and P. Török, 2016. 'Seed bank research in Central-European grasslands-An overview' Lollato, R. 2016. 'Wheat growth and development', Kansas State University Extension Lollato, R., Mark, K., Jaenisch, B. and Haag, L. 2020. 'Wheat Grain Yield Response to Seed Cleaning and Seed Treatment as Affected by Seeding Rate During the 2018–2019 Growing Season in Kansas', Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 6(5), : 24 Lynch, J. P. 2011. 'Root phenes for enhanced soil exploration and phosphorus acquisition: tools for future crops', Plant physiology, 156(3), : 1041-1049 Michael, P. J., Owen, M. J. and Powles, S. B. 2010. 'Herbicide-resistant weed seeds contaminate grain sown in the western Australian grainbelt', weed science, 58(4), : 466-472 Monaco, T. J., Weller, S. C. and Ashton, F. M. 2002. weed science: principles and practices. John Wiley & Sons, p. 388 Nishimura, A., Asai, M., Shibuya, T., Kurokawa, S. and Nakamura, H. 2015. 'A steaming method for killing weed seeds produced in the current year under untilled conditions', Crop Protection, 71, : 125-131 Norsworthy, J. K., Ward, S. M., Shaw, D. R., Llewellyn, R. S., Nichols, R. L., Webster, T. M., Bradley, K. W., Frisvold, G., Powles, S. B. and Burgos, N. R. 2012. 'Reducing the risks of herbicide resistance: best management practices and recommendations', Weed science, 60(SP1), : 31-62 Oerke, E. 2006. 'Crop losses to pests', The Journal of Agricultural Science, 144, : 31 Owen, M. J. and S. B. Powles, 2020. 'Lessons learnt: crop-seed cleaning reduces weed-seed contamination in Western Australian grain samples', Crop and Pasture Science, 71(7): 660-667 Pinto, J. G. C. P., Munaro, L. B., Jaenisch, B. R., Nagaoka, A. K. and Lollato, R. P. 2019. 'wheat variety response to seed cleaning and treatment after fusarium head blight infection', agrosystems, geosciences & environment, 2(1), : 1-8 Rasul, G. A. M. 2016. 'Effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on some yield components of wheat and phosphorus use efficiency in calcareous soil', journal of dynamics in agricultural research, 3(4): 46-51 Rehim, A., Farooq, M., Ahmad, F. and Hussain, M. 2012. 'Band placement of phosphorus improves the phosphorus use efficiency and wheat productivity under different irrigation regimes', international journal of agriculture and biology, 14(5). Richardson, A. E., J. P., Lynch, P. R. Ryan, , Delhaize, E., Smith, F. A., Smith, S. E., P. R., Harvey, M. H.Ryan, , E. J. Veneklaas, and H. Lambers, 2011. 'Plant and microbial strategies to improve the phosphorus efficiency of agriculture', plant and soil, 349(1) : 121-156 Roberts, H. 1981. 'Seed banks in soils', Advances in applied biology, 6, : 1-55 Shen, J., Yuan, L., Zhang, J., Li, H., Bai, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, W. and Zhang, F. 2011. 'Phosphorus dynamics: from soil to plant', Plant Physiology, 156(3): 997-1005 Tawaha, A., M.Turk, and G. Maghaireh, 2002. 'Response of barley to herbicide versus mechanical weed control under semi‐arid conditions', Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 188(2), : 106-112 Tessema, T., D. Tanner, and M. Hasenna, (1996) 'Grass weed competition with bread wheat in Ethiopia. 2: Prediction of grain yield loss and implications for economic weed control' Thomas, G. W. 1996. 'Soil pH and soil acidity', Methods of soil analysis. Part, 3(875), : 475-490 Thompson, K. and J. P. Grime, 1979.'Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats', The Journal of Ecology, : 893-921 Tibola, C. S., J. M. C. Fernandes, and E. M. Guarienti, 2016. 'Effect of cleaning, sorting and milling processes in wheat mycotoxin content', Food Control, 60, : 174-179 Walker, R. H. 1995. 'Preventive weed management', Handbook of weed management systems, : 35-50

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Abstract Background Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder with significant reduction in skeletal muscle mass associated with low muscle strength and physical performance. Multiple factors contribute to sarcopenia in active as well as quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has been implicated in disease complications and surgical outcomes Methods Inclusion criteria: Consecutive consenting patients &gt; 18 years old with IBD attending the division of Gastroenterology between June 2021 and June 2022 Exclusion criteria: Associated systemic diseases, patient with prior surgery for IBD, that could contribute to sarcopenia were excluded All patients had anthropometric measurements, calculation of body mass index (BMI), and measurement of mid-arm muscle circumference. The muscle strength was measured by hand-grip strength by hand-held dynamometer. The physical performance was measured by gait speed by 4-meters walk test. The muscle mass was calculated by measuring skeletal muscle index (SMI) with single slice of CT scan at the level 3rd Lumbar vertebra. Patients were categorized according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, 2018 definition, into probable sarcopenia (low muscle strength), sarcopenia (low muscle strength and low muscle mass), and severe sarcopenia (low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and low physical performance1. Factors evaluated for association with sarcopenia were age, gender, disease subtype (Crohn’s disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC] or IBD-U (unclassified), activity and nutrition. SMI value of &lt;42 cm2/m2 for men and &lt;38 cm2/m2 for women were taken as per a recent Indian study2. Results Of 117 patients, 73 had ulcerative colitis (UC), 42 Crohn’s disease (CD), and 2 IBD- unclassified (IBD-U). Forty (34.2%) patients had probable sarcopenia; 47 (40.2%) patients had sarcopenia (29 UC, 18 CD) including 10 with severe sarcopenia. Ten (21.3%) patients with sarcopenia were in disease remission. On univariate analysis BMI, disease activity, low hemoglobin, and biologic use were significantly associated with sarcopenia (Table1); on multivariate analysis, only BMI showed significant association with sarcopenia. (Table 2) Conclusion Sarcopenia was detected in over 40% of patients with IBD and a fifth had severe sarcopenia. One-fifth of them were in clinical remission. Low BMI significantly correlated with sarcopenia. Screening for sarcopenia should be considered in all patients with IBD. 1. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis.Age Ageing.2019;48:16-31 2. Sidhu S, Saggar K, Goyal O, Kishore H, Sidhu SS. Normative values of sarcopenia in the Indian population. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;37(suppl 1): A1–A137

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U članku se nudi sažet pregled različitih pristupa fenomenu starenja i starosti kao sastavnom dijelu ljudskoga života, koji implicira i brojne izazove i nošenje s poteškoćama. U kontekstu današnjega povećanja broja starije populacije kao ozbiljne demografske problematike, posebice u industrijski razvijenijim zemlja, a što ne zaobilazi ni hrvatsko društvo, tema starosti sve više dolazi u središte interesa i različitih znanstvenih i stručnih područja. Filozofska tradicija na temelju brojnih relevantnih izvora također ima što reći o starenju i starosti, pogotovo s etičkoga aspekta. Umijeće starenja kao sastavni dio umijeća življenja osposobljava za kvalitetnije doživljavanje i proživljavanje starosti, te percipira tu životnu fazu kao dodatni potencijal, a nikako kao teret. Da bi svakome bila omogućena dostojanstvena starost nužna je i podrška društvene zajednice međugeneracijskom solidarnošću i dobro organiziranom socijalnom skrbi za starije i nemoćne.

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ABSTRACT Rough flathead (Grammoplites scaber) is a non-economical and white-fleshed fish. It's suitable for fish-based processing products. Hanpen is one of the Japanese fish cake. Diversification of surimi-based Rough flathead becomes Hanpen. This research studied the consumer acceptance and chemical composition of Hanpen Rough flathead. The experimental methods are used in this research with 3 treatments and Deuteronomy, the addition of surimi Rough flathead A1 = 100 g, A2 = 150 g, and A3 = 200 g. The randomized block data, ANOVA, was performed to analyze the data. The results showed that Hanpen Rough flathead product that can be accepted by panelists is A2 treatment, which scores 7,28 at like level specification. The addition of surimi Rough flathead had a significant effect (p<0,05) on organoleptic test parameters (appearance, aroma, taste, and texture) and proximate tests (crude protein, crude fat, water content, ash content, and carbohydrate) to Hanpen. The highest value of proximate test for three treatments were crude protein = A1 (5,36); carbohydrate = A1 (11,36); crude fat = A2 (0,39); water content = A3 (83,67); dan ash content = A2 (2,84). References Agustin, T. I. (2012). Mutu fisk dan Mikrostruktur Kamaboko Ikan Kurisi ( Nemipterus nematophorus ) dengan Physical and Microstructure Quality of Kamaboko Kurisi Fish. JPHPI, Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 15(1), 18–26. Bozova, B., & Centinkaya, S. (2019). Surimi and surimi products. 2nd International Symposium on Limnology and Freshwater Fiheries. BPS. (2019). Produksi Perikanan menurut Asal Tangkapan di Kota Tanjungbalai 2010 - 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2020, from https://tanjungbalaikota.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/07/12/110/produksi-perikanan-menurut-asal-tangkapan-di-kota-tanjungbalai-ton-2010-2017.html Damanik, M. R. S., Sriadhi, Habibi, M. R., & Harefa, M. S. (2018). Diversifikasi Pengolahan Ikan sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Nelayan Desa Bagan Serdang Kecamatan Pantai Labu Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 23(4), 455–459. Diana, A., & Lubis, A. F. (2018). Peningkatan Potensi Ikan Baji - Baji ( Grammoplites scaber ) Dan Proporsi Bagian Tubuh Sebagai Sumber Bahan Baku. AGRINTECH: Jurnal Teknologi Pangan Dan Hasil Pertanian, 2(1), 14–22. Ilza, M., & Siregar, Y. I. (2015). Sosialisasi penambahan minyak perut ikan jambal siam dan minyak ikan kerapu pada bubur bayi untuk memenuhi standar omega 3 dan omega 6. Jphpi, 18, 262–275. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.2015.18.3.262 Jia, R., Katano, T., Yoshimoto, Y., Gao, Y., Nakazawa, N., Osako, K., & Okazaki, E. (2020). Effect of small granules in potato starch and wheat starch on quality changes of direct heated surimi gels after freezing. Food Hydrocolloids, 104(February), 105732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105732 Karsa, A. (2004). Kebiasaan Makanan Ikan Baji-baji (Grammoplites scaber (Linnaeus, 1758)) di Perairan Mayangan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Kim, S. K. (2013). Seafood processing by-products: Trends and applications. Seafood Processing By-Products: Trends and Applications, 9781461495(March 2014), 1–597. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9590-1 Kobayashi, Y., Huge, J., Imamura, S., & Hamada-Sato, N. (2016). Study of the cross-reactivity of fish allergens based on a questionnaire and blood testing. Allergology International, 65(3), 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2016.01.002 Kwon, Y.-M., & Lee, J.-S. (2013). A Study on the Quality Characteristics of Fish Cakes Containing Rice Flour. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 22(1), 189–200. Laksono, U. T., Suprihatin, S., Nurhayati, T., & Romli, M. (2019). Enhancement of Textural Quality From Daggertooth Pike Conger Fish Surimi with Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Transglutaminase Activator. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 22(2), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v22i2.27373 Motamedi, M., Teimori, A., Amiri, V., & Hesni, M. A. (2020). Characterization of age-dependent variability in the flank scales of two scorpaeniformes fishes by applying light and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Micron, 128(September 2019), 102778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2019.102778 Nurhadi, B., & Nurhasanah, S. (2010). Sifat Fisik Bahan Pangan. Bandung: Widya Padjajaran. Radityo, C., Darmanto, Y., & Romadhon, R. (2014). Pengaruh Penambahan Egg White Powder Dengan Konsentrasi 3% Terhadap Kemampuan Pembentukan Gel Surimi Dari Berbagai Jenis Ikan. Jurnal Pengolahan Dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan, 3(4), 1–9. Rijal, M. (2017). Diversifikasi Produk Olahan Ikan Bagi Ibu-Ibu Nelayan di Dusun Mamua Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Jurnal Biology Science & Education, 6(2), 159–170. Satam, S. B., Sharangdhar, S. T., Sharangdhar, M. T., Sajid, I. K., & Sonawane, U. D. (2004). Surimi : The " High-Tech " Raw Material from Minced Fish Meat. Fishing Chimes, 24(8), 49–55. Silovs, M. (2018). Fish processing by-products exploitation and innovative fish-based food production. Research for Rural Development, 2(May), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.24.2018.074 Simanjuntak, C. (2016). Hubungan Konsumsi Ikan dengan Tingkat Kecukupan Protein Anak Balita pada Keluarga Nelayan Kelurahan Pasir Bidang Kecamatan Sarudik Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Retrieved from http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/16639 Simanjuntak, C. P. ., & Zahid, A. (2009). Kebiasaan Makanan dan Perubahan Ontogenetik Makanan Ikan Baji-Baji (Grammoplites scaber) di Pantai Mayangan, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 9(1), 63–73. Standar-Nasional-Indonesia. (2013). SNI 2694 Surimi. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Syahputra, I., & Susetya, I. E. (2018). Struktur Komunitas Moluska di Estuari Desa Bagan Asahan Kecamatan Tanjung Balai Kabupaten Asahan. Aquacoastmarine, 6(4), 122–131. Vikas, Kumar, R., Ganganand, S. S., & Jaiswar, A. K. (2016). Discrimination of Species of Genera Grammoplites and Cociella ( Family : Discrimination of Species of Genera Grammoplites and Cociella ( Family : Platycephalidae ) Occurring in Indian Waters , Based on Multi-variate Analysis. (March 2017). Vikas, Rao, B. M. S., Jaiswar, A. K., & Lakra, W. S. (2018). Taxonomic evaluation of Grammoplites scaber ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) and G . Suppositus ( Troschel , 1840 ) from Indian waters Wardhani, R. M. (2010). Diversifikasi produk olhan ikan ( Abon Tuna , Dendeng Lemuru , Krupuk Rambak Tuna ). Agritek, 11(2), 54–64. Winarno, F. G. (2004). Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka. Yu, X., Li, L., Xue, J., Wang, J., Song, G., Zhang, Y., & Shen, Q. (2020). Effect of air-frying conditions on the quality attributes and lipidomic characteristics of surimi during processing. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 60(October 2019), 102305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102305 Yusfiani, M., Diana, A., & Ansari, A. (2019). Perbandingan Chitosan buatan dari hasil samping industri pembekuan udang dengan Chitosan komersil terhadap pengawetan mutu kesegaran ikan Nila (Oreochromis niltoticus). Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 6(3), 262–269. Retrieved from https://talenta.usu.ac.id/jpt/issue/view/279

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Twenty Peas (Pisum sativum L.) varieties/ lines were evaluated against Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum .Sp.pici by sowing them in sick plot during the year of 2016-17 at the Plant Pathology Research Institute, Faisalabad. Each cultivar/line was planted in a single row of three meter length, with plant to plant and row to row distances of 15cm and 30 cm respectively and replicated thrice by following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Out of these twenty varieties/ lines 13 including check variety Olympia were found highly susceptible ranging from 53.2 to 83.5% plant mortality. Six varieties/lines were susceptible ranging from 30.3 to 44.1 % plant mortality. Only a single variety Garrow performed as moderately resistant by showing 21% plant mortality in the field. Efficacy of five fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum .Sp.pici, at various concentrations was evaluated in-vitro and significant variations among treatments was observed. In general there was a significant decrease in mycelial growth of the fungus with an increase in concentration of fungicides. Tilt (Propiconazol),( Daconil (Chlorothalonil) and Crest (Carbendazim) were the most effective fungicides in inhibiting the growth of the fungus in descending order. The Tilt almost 90% inhibited the growth @ 50µg/ml concentration, Daconil and Crest exhibited intermediate effectiveness. Topsin-M (Thiophanate-methyl) and Score (Difenoconazole) were the least effective fungicides.Ahmad, M. A., S. M. Iqbal, N. Ayub, Y. Ahmad and A. Akram. 2010. Identification of resistant sources in chickpea against Fusarium wilt. Pak. J. Bot, 42: 417-426.Borum, D. E. and J. Sinclair. 1968. Evidence for systemic protection against Rhizoctonia solani with vitavax in cotton seedlings. Phytopathology, 58: 976-&.Davies, D., G. Berry, M. Heath and T. Dawkins. 1985. Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Grain Legume Crops. Collins, London, UK: 147-198.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2011Hagedorn, D. 1984. Compendium of pea diseases. 57 p. Am. Phytopathol. Soc., St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.Hannan, A., S. T. Sahi, I. Ahmed and A. A. Choudhry. 2014. Differential impact of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi on resistance source of pea genotypes and its chemical management. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 26: 91-96.Haware, M. P. 1978. Eradication of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Transmitted in Chickpea Seed. Phytopathology, 68: 1364.Haware, M.P. and Nene, Y.L., 1982. Races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. Plant disease, 66 (9), pp.809-810.Hulse, J. H. 1994. Nature, composition, and utilization of food legumes. Expanding the Production and Use of Cool Season Food Legumes. Springer Netherlands, pp. 77-97.Ilyas, M., M. Iqbal and K. Iftikhar. 1992. Evaluation of some fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and chickpea wilt. Pakistan Journal of Phaytopahtology, 4: 5-8.Iqbal, S. M. 2005. Screening of chickpea genotypes for resistance against Fusarium wilt. Mycopath (Pakistan).Javaid, I. A., A. Ghafoorm and R. Anwar. 2002. Evaluation of local and exotic pea Pisum sativum germplasm for vegetable and dry grain straits. Pak. J. Bot, 34: 419-427.Khan, I., S. Alam and A. Jabbar. 2002. Selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and its relationship with phenols in chickpea.Khan, S. A., A. Awais, N. Javed, K. Javaid, A. Moosa, I. U. Haq, N. A. Khan, M. U. Chattha and A. Safdar. 2016. Screening of pea germplasm against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi and invitro management through chemicals. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 28: 127-131.Khokhar, M. 2014. Production status of major vegetables in Pakistan, their problems and suggestions. Agric. Corner, 9.Kraft, J. M. 1994. Fusarium wilt of peas (a review). Agronomie, 14: 561-567.Maitlo, S., R. Syed, M. Rustamani, R. Khuhro and A. Lodhi. 2014. Comparative efficacy of different fungicides against fusarium wilt of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46: 2305-2312.McPhee, K. 2003. Dry pea production and breeding. Food, Agri Environ, 1: 64-69.Nawab, N. N., G. M. Subhani, K. Mahmood, Q. Shakil and A. Saeed. 2008. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis studies in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). J. Agric. Res, 46: 333-340.Nene, Y., M. Haware and M. Reddy. 1981. Chickpea diseases: resistance-screening techniques.Pande, S., J. N. Rao and M. Sharma. 2007. Establishment of the Chickpea Wilt Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in the Soil through Seed Transmission. The Plant Pathology Journal, 23: 3-6.Persson, L., L. Bødker and M. Larsson-Wikström. 1997. Prevalence and pathogenicity of foot and root rot pathogens of pea in Southern Scandinavia. Plant Disease, 81: 171-174.Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics, a biometrical approach. McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, Ltd.Sundar, A. R., N. Das and D. Krishnaveni. 1995. In-vitro antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against two fungal pathogens of Castor. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 23: 152-155.Vyas, S. C. 1984. Systemic fungicides. Systemic fungicides.

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Abstract Introduction: Extensive research studies on breast cancer disparities have had limited impact on reducing breast cancer disparities. Quality improvement initiatives use data-driven, rigorous approaches to plan, execute, and study the delivery of healthcare services. There have been limited studies using quality improvement methods to address health disparities. The purpose of our study was to describe the design of a quality improvement initiative to address breast cancer disparities using the A3 problem solving method. Methods: A3 problem solving method was used to reduce breast cancer screening disparities. The A3 method is a quality improvement tool used to identify problems, organize and synthesize data, and propose solutions to achieve goals (summarized on one side of a sheet of paper). A3 methods are outlined by the FOCUS-PDCA acronym: F - Find process to improve, O - Organize team of stakeholders, C - Clarify current state, U - Understand sources of variation that contribute to the problem, S - Select change ideas, P - Plan and do the improvement, C - Check the results, A - Act. Quantitative data was derived from the electronic medical record. Qualitative data was derived from divergent thinking exercises asking participants from diverse standing urban stakeholder groups about barriers to cancer screening. Results: Design of the A3 problem solving process was conducted between November 2022 until May 2023 yielding the following FOCUS-PDCA design and initial results. F - Increase the percentage of patients who have undergone mammography screening within the last two years. O - Team includes representative leaders from primary care, community health, ambulatory operations, diversity, equity, and inclusion, radiology, breast center, population health, information services, and federally qualified health centers. C and U - Quantitative data collection revealed that 74% of 37,509 eligible patients (women between 50-74 years old) received a mammogram within the last two years (75% White, 58% Black, 67% Asian, 60% American Indian, 64% Hispanic). Divergent thinking exercises revealed the following root causes for mammography screening disparities: patients don’t know they are due, transportation issues, barriers to scheduling, access to mammography facilities, financial concerns, and fears about returning to clinics during COVID-19. S - Process improvements included multilingual and modality reminders, marketing campaigns, transportation vouchers, co-location of screening centers with federally qualified health centers, expanded access to mammography screening facilities, educational activities for primary care physicians, participation in community events, equity-focused review of screening guidelines. PDCA - Based on selected improvements, changes in breast cancer screening percentages will be displayed using run charts until December 2024, stratified by race and ethnicity. Conclusion: A3 problem solving tools represent structured, scientifically rigorous approaches that cancer centers can use to reduce screening disparities. Citation Format: Nia Foster, Arissa J. Milton, Mai A. Elezaby, Roberta M. Strigel, Meeghan A. Lautner, Ryan W. Woods, Nicci O. Brackett, Noelle K. LoConte, Anand K. Narayan. Improving breast cancer screening disparities through A3 problem solving: Design of a quality improvement initiative [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C112.

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Zaman Kerajaan Majapahit merupakan cikal bakal munculnya Gapura. Pada zaman tersebut gapura memiliki fungsi sebagai pintu masuk menuju kerajaan. Pergeseran masa menunjukkan pergeseran fungsi terhadap gapura yang saat ini menjadi penanda menuju masuknya suatu kota termasuk Kota Malang. Gapura perbatasan pintu masuk di Kota Malang teridentifikasi memiliki karakter yang mirip dengan salah satu candi peninggalan Majapahit yaitu Gapura Wringin Lawang yang terletak di Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memvisualisasikan kesesuaian karakter visual gapura perbatasan di Kota Malang dengan Gapura Wringin Lawang. Penyandingan empat gapura perbatasan dengan Gapura Wringin Lawang dianalisis dengan mengidentifikasi elemen desain, prinsip desain, dan ciri fisik gapura. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kesesuaian secara visual pada gapura pintu masuk di Kota Malang dengan Gapura Wringin Lawang. Kesesuaian elemen desain meliputi: garis, bentuk, massa, ruang, dan tekstur. Pada prinsip desain persamaan terdapat pada keseimbangan, kontras dan penekanan, bentuk, koneksi, makna, simbol, dan citra, pola, skala dan proporsi, ritme dan variasi. Pada bagian ciri fisik terdapat pula kesamaan yaitu bagian kepala, badan, dan kaki gapura.Kata-Kata Kunci: karakteristik, visual, gapura, penanda, batas kota VISUAL CHARACTERISTIC OF GAPURA WRINGIN LAWANG ON THE GATES OF MALANG CITY’S BOUNDARY AbstractThe era of the Majapahit Kingdom was the forerunner to the appearance of the Gapura (gate). At that time, the Gapura was built as the entrance to the kingdom. Over time, the function has shifted as a signifier of a city boundary, as found in Malang City. The boundary gate of Malang City identified has a character similar to the Majapahit heritage temples, namely the Wringin Lawang Gate located in Mojokerto, East Java. This study aims to visualize the suitability of the visual characteristics of the border gate in the northern, eastern, western and southern of Malang City with the Wringin Lawang Gate. The comparison of the four gates with Wringin Lawang Gate was analyzed by identifying its elements, principles, and physical characteristics. The results of this study indicate the visual suitability. The suitability of elements found in lines, shapes, mass, space, and textures. On the principle of design, equality identified in balance, contrast and emphasis, form, connection, meaning, symbol, and image, pattern, scale and proportion, rhythm and variation. While in the physical characteristics, there are also similarities in the part of the head, body, and leg of the gate.Keywords: characteristics, visual, gate, signifier, city’s boundary REFERENCESAlston, W. (1964). Psychoanalytic Theory and Theistic Belief’ in J. Hick (ed.) Faith and the Philosophers. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Adenan, K., Budi, B. S., & Wibowo, A. S. (2012). Karakter Visual Arsitektur Karya A.F. Aalbers di Bandung ( 1930-1946 )-Studi Kasus : Kompleks Villa’s dan Woonhuizen. Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia, 1(1).Berry, W. (1980). Building Next to History. State: Historical society of Colorado: Good Neighbors.Dietrich, K. (2006). Raic Syllabus Thesis Submission A Design for Architectural Education. Canada: Raic Syllabus Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.Mohan, G. M. S. (2006). Principles of Architecture. india: Oxford University Press.Prasodjo, T., & Degroot, V. (2013). Magical Prambanan. PT (Persero) Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Prambanan & Ratu Boko.Rahadian, P. (2018). Eksistensi Candi Sebagai Karya Agung Arsitektur Indonesia di Asia tenggara. (R. Emmy, Ed.). D.I Yogyakarta: PT. Kaniskus.Rapoport, A. (1978). House Form and Culture. Milwaukee: University of Winconsin.Sosial, K., Kholisya, U., Maya, S., & Purnengsih, I. (2017). Karakteristik Gapura Di Kecamatan Kebakkramat Kabupaten Karanganyar Jawa Tengah (Kajian Sosial Budaya dan Ekonomi). Jurnal Desain, 04 No.02,(1957).Suwarna. (1987). Tinjauan Selintas berbagai Jenis gapura Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (0.2 Volume). D.I Yogyakarta: Cakrawala Pendidikan.Yudoseputro, W. (2008). Jejak-Jejak Tradisi Bahasa Rupa Indonesia Lama. Seni Visual Indonesia, 192.

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BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder, associated with significant systemic and local bone loss. Factors determining bone mineral (BM) loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are important. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and predictors of low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with RA.ObjectivesTo estimate Bone Mineral Density in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. To determine the frequency and risk factors for osteopenia/osteoporosis in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsWe studied 102 RA patients diagnosed using ACR/EULAR 2010 at our Rheumatology clinic in Jodhpur, India from January 2021 to August 2021 after written informed consent and Ethical Committee approval. We collected the clinical, demographic, treatment history and calculated disease severity with Disease Activity Score (DAS28 CRP) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). BMD was assessed (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner-Hologic Corp, model no-Horizon A S/N 303237M). Serum samples for Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were collected and stored at -800C and analysed by ELISA.ResultsIn the study population, with mean age of 46.7±12.3 years, median disease duration of 48±36 months, mean DAS28 CRP score of 4.5±1.2, mean CDAI value of 18.6±8.58 prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis calculated using T score were found to be 43.1% and 15.7% at left hip, 42.2% and 16.7% at lumbar spine, 18.6% and 17.6% at left forearm respectively(Table 1, Figure 1). There was significant variation in BMD across various age categories at lumbar spine (P value-0.031) and left forearm (P value < 0.0001). There was statistically significant reduction in BMD with higher disease activity at hip (p value-0.019), however significance was not observed at lumbar spine and forearm. There was no significant association between BMD and CDAI. There was statistically significant difference in the lumbar spine BMD across the DAS 28 CRP <3.2 and DAS 28 CRP >3.2 subgroup. Lower values of BMD were observed in female patients, RF positive patients and established RA patients but these were not statistically significant. There was no association between Serum vitamin D3 levels, cumulative steroid dose, Interleukin-1 levels, Interleukin-6 levels, IL-17 levels, TNF α levels, Serum Osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, Serum Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels and BMD.ConclusionPrevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and magnitude of bone mineral loss is significantly higher in our population compared to previous Indian studies including Sharma et al [1]. This lower BMD may be partially attributed to lower remission rates and low BMI in our study population. Hip joint appears to be particularly vulnerable to bone loss in those with higher disease activity suggesting that local effects maybe more important in bone loss. This observation is also supported by the finding that serum inflammatory markers or bone loss markers did not have a significant relationship to bone mineral density in our population.References[1] Sharma M, Dhakad U, Wakhlu A, Bhadu D, Dutta D, Das SK. Lean Mass and Disease Activity are the Best Predictors of Bone Mineral Loss in the Premenopausal Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Apr;22(2):236–43.[2] Kumar AA, Gupta K, S K, Kumar SA. Clinical Profile of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Reporting to a Tertiary Care Center – Data From Southwestern Part of India. Int J Contemp Med Res IJCMR [Internet]. 2019 Jun [cited 2022 Dec 18];6(6).Table 1.Prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis at different sites in RA patientsBMD category (Based on T score)Left Hip (N=100)Lumbar spine (N=99)Left forearm (N=98)Normal40 (40%)39 (39.4%)61 (62.2%)Osteopenia44 (44%)43 (43.4%)19 (19.4%)Osteoporosis16 (16%)17 (17.2%)18 (18.4%)Figure 1.Prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis at different sites in RA patientsAcknowledgementsNone.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

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AbstrakAsfiksia neonatorum masih menempati urutan kedua sebagai penyebab kematian bayi baru lahir pada minggu pertamakehidupan setelah BBLR di Indonesia. Kegagalan bernapas secara spontan dan teratur menjadi penyebab utama kematian.Mengidentifikasi faktor risiko merupakan upaya memperkecil angka kejadian dan tingkat kefatalan bayi dengan asfiksia,diantaranya karena kala II memanjang, air ketuban bercampur mekoneum dan usia ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui hubungan kala II memanjang, air ketuban bercampur mekoneum dan usia ibu secara bersama maupun sebagianterhadap kejadian asfiksia neonatorum. Penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Populasi dalam penelitian adalah semua bayi baru lahir di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang yang tercatat diinstalasi rekam medik, menggunakan teknik total sampling sebanyak 156 kelahiran pada periode 1 September sampai 1Oktober 2016. Data di analisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh hubunganbermakna antara Persalinan Kala II memanjang dengan Asfiksia Neonatorum (p=0,002) dan OR=42,600 yang berartipersalinan dengan Kala II memanjang berisiko 42,6 kali menyebabkan Asfiksia Neonatorum, begitu pula dengan airketuban bercampur mekoneum dimana p=0,000 dan OR=21,719 yang bermakna air ketuban bercampur mekoneumberisiko 21,719 kali menyebabkan Asfiksia, tetapi tidak untuk usia ibu (p value 0,603; OR = 0,858). Deteksi dini melaluiperawatan antenatal secara rutin dapat meminimalisir faktor risiko dan kejadian Asfiksia Neonatorum.Kata kunci: asfiksia neonatorum, air ketuban bercampur bercampur mekomenum, persalinan kala II memanjang, usiaibu Daftar PustakaJournalsAslam, H. M., Saleem, S., Afzal, R., Iqbal, U., Saleem,S. M., Shaikh, M. W. A., & Shahid, N. (2014).Risk factors of birth asphyxia. Italian journal ofpediatrics, 40(1), 1-9.Chiabi, A., Nguefack, S., Evelyne, M. A. H., Nodem, S.,Mbuagbaw, L., Mbonda, E., & Tchokoteu, P. F.(2013). Risk factors for birth asphyxia in anurban health facility in Cameroon. Iranianjournal of child neurology, 7(3), 46.Fajarwati, N., Andayani, P., & Rosida, L. (2016).Hubungan antara berat badan lahir dan kejadianasfiksia neonatorum. Berkala KedokteranUnlam, 12(1), 33-39.)Fischer, C., Rybakowski, C., Ferdynus, C., Sagot, P., &Gouyon, J. B. (2012). A population-based studyof meconium aspiration syndrome in neonatesborn between 37 and 43 weeks ofP- ISSN: 2527-5798, E-ISSN: 2580-7633Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan (JKSI) Volume 7, Number 2, Juli-Desember 202296gestation. International journal ofpediatrics, 2012.Fitria, E., & Utami, F. S. (2016). AMNITIONFACTORS RELATED TO EVENTS OFASPHYSIA IN BABIES IN PANEMBAHANSENOPATI HOSPITAL, BANTUL IN 2015.Indah, S. N., & Apriliana, E. (2016). Hubungan antarapreeklamsia dalam kehamilan dengan kejadianasfiksia pada bayi baru lahir. JurnalMajority, 5(5), 55-60.Katiandagho, N., & Kusmiyati, K. (2015). FactorsAssociated with the Incidence of AsphyxiaNeonatorum. JIDAN (Journal of ScientificMidwives), 3(2), 28-38.Louis, D., Sundaram, V., Mukhopadhyay, K., Dutta, S.,& Kumar, P. (2014). Predictors of mortality inneonates with meconium aspirationsyndrome. Indian pediatrics, 51(8), 637-640.Lubis, N. L. (2016). Psikologi Kespro. Wanita danPerkembangan Reproduksinya: Ditinjau dariAspek Fisik dan Psikologinya. Kencana.Majeed, R., Memon, Y., Majeed, F., Shaikh, N. P., &Rajar, U. D. (2007). Risk factors of birthasphyxia. Journal of Ayub Medical CollegeAbbottabad, 19(3), 67-71.Onyearugha, C. N., & Ugboma, H. A. (2012). Fetaloutcome of antepartum and intrapartumeclampsia in Aba, southeastern Nigeria.Tropical doctor, 42(3), 129-132.Pitsawong, C., & Panichkul, P. (2011). Risk factorsassociated with birth asphyxia inPhramongkutklao Hospital. Thai Journal ofObstetrics and Gynaecology, 165-171.Qoniah, B. (2016). HUBUNGAN PERSALINANKALA II LAMA DENGAN KEJADIANASFIKSIA PADA BBLR DI RUANGBERSALIN RSUD NGUDI WALUYOKABUPATEN BLITAR TAHUN 2016. JavaHealth Jounal, 3(1), 80-80.Rahmah, A. S., & Armah, M. (2014). Analisis faktorrisiko kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir diRSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa dan RSUP DrWahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar tahun2013. Jurnal Kesehatan, 7(1).Saptini, Y. D., & Nikmatul, A. (2015). HUBUNGANANTARA LAMA PERSALINAN KALA II DANJENIS PERSALINAN DENGAN KEJADIANASFIKSIA PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR. JavaHealth Jounal, 2(1), 70-79.Septiana, E.A. 2015. Hubungan Antara Partus LamaDan Kondisi Air Ketuban Dengan KejadianAsfiksia Pada Bayi Baru Lahir di RSUD KotaSalatiga. Jurnal Kebidanan Adila BandarLampung. Volume 7 Edisi 2 Tahun 2015.http://akbidadilabandarlampung.ac.id.Shaikh, M., Waheed, K. A. I., Javaid, S., Gul, R.,Hashmi, M. A., & Fatima, S. T. (2016).Detrimental complications of meconium aspirationsyndrome and their impact on outcome. Journal ofAyub Medical College Abbottabad, 28(3), 506-509.Soviyati, E. (2016). Faktor-Faktor Yang BerhubunganDengan Lama Persalinan di RSUD'45 KuninganJawa Barat Tahun 2015. Jurnal Bidan, 234056.Sunarsih, S., Mardihusodo, S. J., & Hermawan, D.(2014). ANALISIS FAKTOR YANGMEMPENGARUHI KEMATIANNEONATAL (Studi Kasus Di Rumah Sakit Dr.H. Abdul Moeloek ProvinsiLampung). JURNAL DUNIA KESMAS, 3(3).Widiani, A., Kurniati, Y., & Windiani, T. (2016).Maternal and infant risk factors for the incidenceof asphyxia neonatorum in Bali: a case-controlstudy. Public Health and Preventive MedicineArchive, 4(2), 12-126.BooksKemenkes, R. I. (2015). Profil kesehatan indonesia.Octa Dwienda, R., Liva Maita, S. S. T., Saputri, E. M.,& Yulviana, R. (2015). Buku Ajar AsuhanKebidanan Neonatus, Bayi/Balita dan AnakPrasekolah untuk Para Bidan. Deepublish.WebsitesProfil Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2016.https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IgtgPeNrfKV6Z7DO65sLLYW4Nmck28n8/viewProfil Kesehatan, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang,2015.https://dinkes.palembang.go.id/tampung/dokumen/dokumen-122-166.pdfP- ISSN: 2527-5798, E-ISSN: 2580-7633Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan (JKSI) Volume 7, Number 2, Juli-Desember 202297Unicef. 2015. Child Mortality Estimates “Under-FiveMortality Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, NeonatalMortality Rate and Number of Deaths.” UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation(IGME) http://www.childmortality.org.WHO. 2015. Infant Mortality.http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/neonatal_infant_text/en/. Published 2015.

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Abstract In this work, we study the existence of a positive solution to an elliptic equation involving the fractional Laplacian (−Δ) s in ℝ n , for n ≥ 2, such as (0.1) ( − Δ ) s u + E ( x ) u + V ( x ) u q − 1 = K ( x ) f ( u ) + u 2 s ⋆ − 1 . $$(-\Delta)^{s} u+E(x) u+V(x) u^{q-1}=K(x) f(u)+u^{2_{s}^{\star}-1}.$$ Here, s ∈ (0, 1), q ∈ 2 , 2 s ⋆ $q \in\left[2,2_{s}^{\star}\right)$ with 2 s ⋆ := 2 n n − 2 s $2_{s}^{\star}:=\frac{2 n}{n-2 s}$ being the fractional critical Sobolev exponent, E(x), K(x), V(x) > 0 : ℝ n → ℝ are measurable functions which satisfy joint “vanishing at infinity” conditions in a measure-theoretic sense, and f (u) is a continuous function on ℝ of quasi-critical, super-q-linear growth with f (u) ≥ 0 if u ≥ 0. Besides, we study the existence of multiple positive solutions to an elliptic equation in ℝ n such as (0.2) ( − Δ ) s u + E ( x ) u + V ( x ) u q − 1 = λ K ( x ) u r − 1 , $$(-\Delta)^{s} u+E(x) u+V(x) u^{q-1}=\lambda K(x) u^{r-1},$$ where 2 < r < q < ∞(both possibly (super-)critical), E(x), K(x), V(x) > 0 : ℝ n → ℝ are measurable functions satisfying joint integrability conditions, and λ > 0 is a parameter. To study (0.1)-(0.2), we first describe a family of general fractional Sobolev-Slobodeckij spaces Ms ;q,p (ℝ n ) as well as their associated compact embedding results.

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Ovo je prethodno priopćenje o temi, koja je vrlo opsežna i slojevita, o kojoj će trebati izraditi više radova, a najbolje bi bilo izraditi barem 1-2 disertacije. To je hrvatska mikrotoponimijia u Mađarskoj, i to u Pomurju (Županija Zala), u Podravini (Županija Šomođ – Somogy), te mikrotoponimija gradišćanskih kajkavaca, na Nežiderskom / Niuzaljskom jezeru (Neusiedler See, Fertő tó) na sjeverozapadu Mađarske (Đursko-mošonsko-šopronska županija – Győr-Moson-Sopron megye). U Pomurju je desetak sela, od kojih neka imaju većinom hrvatska imena. gdje hrvatski govori pripadaju međimurskom dijalektu, i to donjem (istočnom) poddijalektu. Uz austrijski granicu dva su kajkavska sela (hom*ok / Umok i Vedešin / Hedešin), koja pripadaju gradišćanskohrvatskom krugu. Bez obzira na porijeklo, već je Ivšić pokazao da je velika sličnost tih govora s međimurskima. To je hrvatska kajkavska mikrotoponimija u Mađarskoj, koje ima nešto i u Podravini, gdje je većinom štokavska. Kad se obrađuje mikrotoponimija pojedinih sela u Podravlju, treba obraditi svu, bez obzira je li kajkavska ili štokavska.

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Abstract In this paper, we study the fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system ( − Δ ) s u + V ( x ) u + K ( x ) ϕ | u | q − 2 u = h ( x ) f ( u ) + | u | 2 s ∗ − 2 u , in R 3 , ( − Δ ) t ϕ = K ( x ) | u | q , in R 3 , $$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-{\it\Delta})^{s}u+V(x)u+ K(x) \phi|u|^{q-2}u=h(x)f(u)+|u|^{2^{\ast}_{s}-2}u,&\mbox{in}~ {\mathbb R^{3}},\\ (-{\it\Delta})^{t}\phi=K(x)|u|^{q},&\mbox{in}~ {\mathbb R^{3}}, \end{array}\right. \end{array}$$ where s, t ∈ (0, 1), 3 < 4s < 3 + 2t, q ∈ (1, 2 s ∗ $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle 2^*_s \end{array}$ /2) are real numbers, (−Δ) s stands for the fractional Laplacian operator, 2 s ∗ := 6 3 − 2 s $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle 2^{*}_{s}:=\frac{6}{3-2s} \end{array}$ is the fractional critical Sobolev exponent, K, V and h are non-negative potentials and V, h may be vanish at infinity. f is a C 1-function satisfying suitable growth assumptions. We show that the above fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system has a positive and a sign-changing least energy solution via variational methods.

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ABSTRACT: This study aims to examine the effect of health, education, and labor force moderated by urban population on the Human Development Index. This study uses a quantitative approach and a Moderated Regression Analysis technique with a sample of 25 OIC countries from 2010-2019 taken by purposive sampling method. The results showed that health, education, and the labor force affected the Human Development Index. While the urban population moderates the effect of health and the workforce on the Human Development Index, the urban population does not moderate the effect of education on the Human Development Index. This study has a novelty in the results of the study, namely the basic education variable which has a significant but negative effect on the Human Development Index. This research is limited to a sample of OIC member countries because more than 30% of poor countries with low income according to World Bank data are in OIC member countries, so it is hoped that this research will be able to provide references related to increasing the human development index to save them from poverty. Keywords: Education, Health, Human Development Index, Labor Force, Urban Population ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kesehatan, pendidikan, dan angkatan kerja yang dimoderasi oleh kepadatan populasi terhadap Human Development Index. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan teknik Moderated Regression Analysis dengan sampel 25 negara OKI dari tahun 2010-2019 yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesehatan dan angkatan kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Human Development Index, namun pendidikan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Human Development Index. Urban population memoderasi pengaruh antara kesehatan dan angkatan kerja terhadap Human Development Index, namun urban population tidak memoderasi pengaruh pendidikan terhadap Human Development Index. Penelitian ini memiliki kebaruan dalam hasil penelitian, yaitu variabel pendidikan dasar yang justru berpengaruh namun negatif signifikan terhadap Human Development Index. Penelitian ini terbatas dilakukan pada sampel negara anggota OKI sebab lebih dari 30% negara miskin dengan pendapatan rendah menurut Data Bank Dunia adalah ada pada negara anggota OKI, sehingga diharapkan penelitian ini mampu memberikan referensi terkait peningkatan indeks pembangunan manusia untuk menyelamatkannya dari kemiskinan. Kata Kunci: Angkatan Kerja, Human Development Index, Kesehatan, Pendidikan, Urban Population. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adom, K., & Asare-Yeboa, I. T. (2016). An evaluation of human capital theory and female entrepreneurship in sub-Sahara Africa: Some evidence from Ghana. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 402–423.doi:10.1108/IJGE-12-2015-0048 Alam, K. (2017). Poverty reduction through enabling factors. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 14(4), 310–321.doi:10.1108/wjstsd-07-2016-0049 Alkire, S., & Shen, Y. (2017). Exploring multidimensional poverty in China: 2010 to 2014. Research on Economic Inequality, 25, 161–228.doi:10.1108/S1049-258520170000025006 Bakhtiari, S., & Meisami, H. (2010). An empirical investigation of the effects of health and education on income distribution and poverty in Islamic countries. International Journal of Social Economics, 37(4), 293–301.doi:10.1108/03068291011025255 Barkah, T., Rusgianto, S., & Wardhana, A. (2022). Impact of agricultural land and the output of agricultural products moderated with internet users toward the total export of agricultural product in three islamic South East Asian Countries. Media Agribisnis, 6(1).11-22.doi:10.35326/agribisnis.v6i1.2261 Bircher, J., & Kuruvilla, S. (2014). Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: New opportunities for health care and public health. Journal of Public Health Policy, 35(3), 363–386.doi:10.1057/jphp.2014.19 Bradshaw, T. K. (2007). Theories of poverty and anti-poverty programs in community development. Community Development, 38(1), 7–25.doi:10.1080/15575330709490182 Cabus, S., & Stefanik, M. (2019). Good access to adult education and training for the low-educated accelerates economic growth: Evidence from 23 European Countries. KU Leuven HIVA Working Paper Series.1-35.doi:2019/4718/005 Chen, K. M., Leu, C. H., & Wang, T. M. (2019). Measurement and Determinants of Multidimensional Poverty: Evidence from Taiwan. Social Indicators Research, 145(2), 459–478.doi:10.1007/s11205-019-02118-8 Choudhry, M. T., & Elhorst, P. (2018). Female labour force participation and economic development. International Journal of Manpower, 39(7), 896–912.doi:10.1108/IJM-03-2017-0045 Faqihudin, M. (2010). Human development index ( HDI ) salah satu indikator yang populer untuk mengukur kinerja pembangunan manusia. Cermin, 241331(47). Fatima, A., & Sultana, H. (2009). Tracing out the U-shape relationship between female labor force participation rate and economic development for Pakistan. International Journal of Social Economics, 36(1-2), 182–198.doi:10.1108/03068290910921253 Febriyanti, A. R., Ratnasari, R. T., & Wardhana, A. K. (2022). The effect of economic growth, agricultural land, and trade openness moderated by population density on deforestation in OIC countries. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 3(2).221-234. Gamlath, S. (2013). The governance dimension of human development. Humanomics, 29(4), 240–259.doi:10.1108/H-03-2013-0015 Gunawan, J., Permatasari, P., & Tilt, C. (2020). 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Yogyakarta:Dana Bhakti Wakaf. Mitra, A., & Murayama, M. (2009). Rural to urban migration: A District-Level analysis for India. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 5(2), 35–52.doi:10.1108/17479894200900011 Oladapo, I. A., & Ab Rahman, A. (2016). Re-counting the determinant factors of human development: a review of the literature. Humanomics, 32(2), 205–226.doi:10.1108/H-02-2016-0018 Pawitro, I. U. (2011). Trend kawasan perkotaan - industri property dan gaya hidup metropolitan. Mercubuana,438–447. Putri, R. M., & Mintaroem, K. (2020). Determinan islamic human development index (IHDI) Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2001-2016. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori Dan Terapan, 6(7), 1410.doi:10.20473/vol6iss20197pp1410-1420 Ryadi, A., & Sincihu, Y. (2013). Indikator sensitif bagi penilaian kualitas hidup manusia : Tinjauan dari aspek kesehatan masyarakat. Jurnal Widya Medika, 1(1), 109–116.doi:10.33508/jwm.v1i1.846 Shah, S. (2016). Determinants of human development index: A cross-country empirical analysis. International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 3(5), 43–46.doi:10.14445/23939125/ijems-v3i5p106 Suliyanto. (2011). Ekonometrika Terapan : Teori dan Aplikasi dengan SPSS. Yogyakarta: Andi. Wardhana, A. K. (2021). The Application of waqf and endowment fund based on the principles in the sharia maqashid pillar society. Prosperity: Journal of Society and Empowerment, 1(2), 107–119.doi:10.21580/prosperity.2021.1.2.8829 Wekullo, C. S., Davis, E. C., Naf*ckho, F. M., & Kash, B. A. (2018). Health and human development in Kenya: A review of literature from high income, middle income, and low income countries. European Journal of Training and Development, 42(1-2), 5–34. doi:10.1108/EJTD-06-2016-0040 Yanagisawa, A. (2011). Poverty: Social control over our labor force. International Journal of Social Economics, 38(4), 316–329.doi:10.1108/03068291111112022

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Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx ¼vkbZ- ,e- Mh-½ ,d izknsf’kd fof’k"V izdkj ds ekSle dsUnz gksus ds dkj.k pØokrh; fo{kksHkksa ¼lh-Mh-,l½ dk ekWuhVju ,oa iwokZuqeku nsus ds fy, ftEesokj gS blds varZxr pØokrh; fo{kksHksa ls lacaf/kr lHkh izdkj ds vk¡dM+s ftlesa vonkc ,oa m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr ¼Vh- lh-½ 'kkfey gS] dk laxzg] lalk/ku ,oa HkaMkj.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mRrjh fgUn egklkxj ¼,u- vkbZ- vks-½ esa cuus okys pØokrksa ds ekxZ dks lgh&lgh fu/kkZfjr djus esa budk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA _rq ds i'pkr~ pØokrh; fo{kksHkksa ds fo’ys"k.k ds }kjk fdlh pØokrh; fo{kksHk dh fLFkfr ,oa mldh rhozrk dk fu/kkZj.k pØokr dh vof/k ds nkSjku dh vU; fo’ks"krkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk fd;k tkrk gS ftls ge csLV VSªfdax ds uke ls tkurs gSaA csLV VSªfdax izfØ;k mRrjh fgUn egklkxj lfgr fo’o esa vyx&vyx izdkj dh gS vkSj ;g ekWuhVju ,oa fo’ys"k.k ds lk/ku rFkk izfØ;k esa fHkUurk ds dkj.k gksrh gSA ;|fi pØokrh; fo{kksHkksa ds LFkku ,oa rhozrk dk ekWuhVju djus ds fy, Hkw&LFkSfrd mixzg gh eq[; midj.k ekuk tk jgk gSA mRrjh fgUn egklkxj esa pØokrh; fo{kksHkksa ds csLV VSªd ds LFkku ,oa rhozrk ds fu/kkZj.k ds fy, mixzg dh Hkwfedk vkSj mldh lhek dk vkdyu djus ds fy, dqN iz;kl fd, x, gSA vr% izknsf’kd fof’k"V izdkj ds ekSle dsUnz ¼vkj- ,l- ,e- lh-½ ubZ fnYyh ds csLV VSªd izkpyksa ds vk/kkj ij pØokrh; fo{kksHkksa ds LFkku ,oa rhozrk dh rqyuk bulSV vkSj dYiuk mixzgksa ds vk/kkj ij vkbZ- ,e- Mh- ds mixzg izHkkx }kjk vkdfyr ifj.kkeksa ls djus ds fy, ,d v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA mRrjh fgUn egklkxj] caxky dh [kkM+h rFkk vjc lkxj esa vk, pØokrh; fo{kksHkksa ds LFkkuksa ds fu/kkZj.k esa vkSlr varj Øe’k% 39 fd- eh-] 40 fd- eh- ,oa 37 fd- eh- ik, x, gSA dqy ?kVukvksa esa ls yxHkx 65 izfr’kr ds LFku fu/kkZj.k esa 50 fd- eh- ;k de dk varj ik;k x;k vkSj mRrjh fgUn egklkxj esa laiw.kZ ?kVukvksa esa ls 6 izfr’kr esa 100 fd- eh- dk vFkok blls vf/kd dk varj ik;k x;kA caxky dh [kkM+h esa ;g varj 62 izfr’kr rFkk 6 izfr’kr dk Fkk vksj vjc lkxj esa yxHkx 70 izfr’kr ,oa 5 izfr’kr dk ik;k x;kA LFkku fu/kkZj.k esa varj Vh uacj esa o`f) ds lkFk /khjs&/khjs de gksrk tkrk gSA tc caxky dh [kkM+h] vjc lkxj vkSj mRrjh fgUn egklkxj esa flLVe dh rhozrk Vh-&4-0 ;k vf/kd ¼vfrizpaM pØokrh; rwQku vkSj mPp rhozrk½ gks rks ;g varj yxHkx 30 fd-eh- dk gksrk gSA pØokrh; fo{kksaHkksa ds LFkku esa varj ds LFkkfud forj.k dks ns[krs gq, ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;g varj leqnz rV ds fudV vf/kd jgrk gS vksj tSls& tSls ge rV ls nwj tkrs gS ;g de gksrk tkrk gSA yxHkx 85-5 izfr’kr ?kVukvksa esa csLV VSªd dh rhozrk mixzg ds }kjk vkdyu ls esy [kkrh gSA tcfd mixzg vk/kkfjr rhozrk 9-5 izfr’kr ?kVukvksa esa de vkdfyr gqbZ gS ¼mixzg izHkkx }kjk vkdfyr Vh- uacj csLV VSªd Vh- uacj ls de gS½] mRrjh fgUn egklkx esa yxHkx 5 izfr’kr ?kVukvksa esa ;g vf/kd ¼mixzg izHkkx }kjk vkdfyr Vh- uacj csLV VSªd Vh- uacj ls vf/kd½ vkdfyr gqbZ gSSA LFkkfud forj.k dh n`f"V ls ge ns[krs gS rks ikrs gS fd ;g varj vDlj rc gksrk gS tc pØokrh; fo{kksHk leqnz rV ds fudV gksrk gS vFkok mRrjh fgUn egklkxj ds }hiksa ds LFkku esa blh izdkj dk varj gksrk gSA India Meteorological Department (IMD), as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) has the responsibility of monitoring and prediction of cyclonic disturbances (CDs) including depressions and tropical cyclone (TC); collection, processing and archival of all data pertaining to CDs and preparation of best track data over the north Indian Ocean (NIO). The process of post-season analysis of CDs to determine the best estimate of a CD’s position and intensity along with other characteristics during its lifetime is described as “best tracking”. The best tracking procedure has undergone several changes world-over including NIO due to change in monitoring and analysis tools & procedure. However, the geostationary satellite remains the main tool for monitoring of location and intensity of CDs. There have been a few attempts to document the role and extent of satellite estimates in determining the best track location and intensity of CDs over the NIO. Hence, a study has been undertaken to compare the location and intensity of CDs based on best track parameters prepared by RSMC, New Delhi with those estimated by satellite division of IMD based on INSAT and Kalpana satellites. The average difference in location of CDs over the NIO, BOB and AS is about 39, 40 and 37 km respectively. The difference in location is 50 km or less in about 65% of the total cases and about 6% of the cases have a difference of 100 km or more over the NIO as a whole. It is about 62% and 6% over the BOB and about 70% and 5% over the AS respectively. Difference in location gradually decreases with increase in T number. It is about 30 km when the intensity of the system is T4.0 or more (very severe cyclonic storms and above intensity) over the BOB, AS and NIO. Considering the spatial distribution of difference in location of CDs, it is higher near the coast and decreases as we move away from the coast. The intensity in the best track agrees with the satellite estimates in about 85.5% of the cases. While the satellite based intensity is underestimated (Satellite division estimated T number is less than best track T number) in 9.5% cases, it is overestimated (Satellite division estimated T number is greater than best track derived T number) in about 5% cases over the NIO. Considering the spatial distribution, the difference occurs mostly when the CD lies near the coast or the islands in the NIO like the difference in location.

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Conditions of negativity for the Green’s function of a two-point boundary value problem L_λ u≔u^((n) )-λ∫_0^l▒〖u(s) d_s r(x,s)=f(x), x∈[0,l], B^k (u)=α,〗 where B^k (u)=(u(0),…,u^((n-k-1) ) (0),u(l),-u^'(l) ,…,(-1)^((k-1) ) u^((k-1) ) (0) ), n≥3, 0<k<n, k is odd, are considered. The function r(x,s) is assumed to be non-decreasing in the second argument. A necessary and sufficient condition for the nonnegativity of the solution of this boundary value problem on the set E of functions satisfying the conditions u(0)=⋯=u^((n-k-2) ) (0)=0, u(l)=⋯=u^((k-2) ) (l)=0, u^((n-k-1) ) (0)≥0, u^((k-1) ) (l)≥0, f(x)≤0 is obtained. This condition lies in the subcriticality of boundary value problems with vector functionals B^(k-1) and B^(k+1). Let k be even and λ^k be the smallest positive value of λ for which the problem L_λ u=0, B^k u=0 has a nontrivial solution. Then the pair of conditions λ<λ^(k-1) and λ<λ^(k+1) is necessary and sufficient for positivity of the solution of the problem.

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We study determinants of the square-type Stirling matrix S ∗ and the square-type Bell matrix B ∗ . For this purpose, we prove that S ∗ and B ∗ have LU factorizations S ∗ = L S U S and B ∗ = L B U B where the diagonal entries of U S are k k − 1 , while those of U B are k ! ( k ≥ 1 ).

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Abstract In the paper, we study the global higher regularity and decay estimates of the positive solutions for the following fractional equations { ( − Δ ) s u + u = | u | p − 2 u in R N , lim | x | → ∞ u ( x ) = 0 , u ∈ H s ( R N ) , (0.1) where s ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , N > 2 s , 2 < p < 2 s ∗ := 2 N N − 2 s and ( − Δ ) s is the fractional Laplacian. Let Q be a positive solution of (0.1). We prove that Q ∈ C k , γ ( R N ) ∩ H k ( R N ) and obtain the decay estimates of D k Q as | x | → ∞ for all k ∈ N + and γ ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) . The argument relies on the Bessel kernel, comparison principle, Fourier analysis and iteration methods.

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Abstract This paper deals with existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to the following class of nonlocal equations with critical nonlinearity: ( − Δ ) s u − γ u | x | 2 s = K ( x ) | u | 2 s ∗ ( t ) − 2 u | x | t + f ( x ) in R N , u ∈ H ˙ s ( R N ) , $$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \begin{cases} (-{\it\Delta})^s u -\gamma\dfrac{u}{|x|^{2s}}=K(x)\dfrac{|u|^{2^*_s(t)-2}u}{|x|^t}+f(x) \quad\mbox{in}\quad\mathbb R^N,\\ \qquad\qquad\qquad\quad u\in \dot{H}^s(\mathbb R^N), \end{cases} \end{array}$$ where N > 2s, s ∈ (0, 1), 0 ≤ t < 2s < N and 2 s ∗ ( t ) := 2 ( N − t ) N − 2 s $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle 2^*_s(t):=\frac{2(N-t)}{N-2s} \end{array}$ . Here 0 < γ < γ N,s and γ N,s is the best Hardy constant in the fractional Hardy inequality. The coefficient K is a positive continuous function on ℝ N , with K(0) = 1 = lim|x|→∞ K(x). The perturbation f is a nonnegative nontrivial functional in the dual space Ḣs (ℝ N )′ of Ḣs (ℝ N ). We establish the profile decomposition of the Palais-Smale sequence associated with the functional. Further, if K ≥ 1 and ∥f∥(Ḣs )′ is small enough (but f ≢ 0), we establish existence of at least two positive solutions to the above equation.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has various unfavorable effects on individuals and the community. This study aims to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and the subsequent social isolation on the general population of Karnataka, India. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karnataka from 8 to 14 April 2020 using the snowball technique. The psychological impact was assessed with the help of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and seven-item General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires. IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription version 16.0 was recruited to analyze the data. Descriptive (Mean + Standard Deviation) and bivariate (Pearson chi-square and ANOVA tests) analysis used to present data with the significance level set at less than 0.05. Results: This study included 1537 participants from 26 cities in Karnataka. About two-thirds of the respondents were undergraduate students (951, 61.9%), females (768, 50.0%), and 40.1% stayed about 15-20 days in social isolation. The prevalence of depression was 47.0%, and anxiety was 41.5%, respectively, among the surveyed sample. After the analysis, the age group 21-30 year old (P < 0.001), females P < 0.001), urban residents (P = 0.021), and the students (P p < 0.001) were significant for depression. However, only the age group 31-40 years was found to be more susceptible to anxiety. Conclusion: As important as addressing the psychological effects, knowing people at risk of developing mental illnesses will contribute effectively to providing appropriate psychological rehabilitation programs at the right time. References World Health Organization, Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report –1, 21 January 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf, [Accessed on 30 August 2020]. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, Ho RC. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 6;17(5):1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729. World Health Organization, WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 [Accessed on 13 April 2020] Coronavirus in India: Latest Map and Case Count. Available from: https://www.covid19india.org/ [Accessed 13 April 2020]. Arakal RA. First COVID-19 case in Karnataka: Techie who returned to Bengaluru from US tests positive, (9 March2020). Available from: https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/coronavirus-karnataka-first-case-covid-19-bengaluru-6307223/ [Accessed on 13 April 2020] India Today on 24 March 2020. Modi announces lockdown Updates: No panic buying please. Stay indoors, tweets PM. Available from: https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pm-modi-address-the-nation-at-8-pm-today-speech-covid-19-coronavirus-live-updates-1659215-2020-03-24 [Accessed on 13 April 2020] Ali Jadoo SA. Was the world ready to face a crisis like COVID-19? Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(1):123-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss1.45 Steptoe A, Shankar A, Demakakos P, Wardle J. Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(15):5797-5801. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219686110 Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 287:112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934 Taylor HO, Taylor RJ, Nguyen AW, Chatters L. Social Isolation, Depression, and Psychological Distress Among Older Adults. Journal of Aging and Health2018; 30(2): 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264316673511 Sim K, Huak Chan Y, Chong PN, Chua HC, Wen Soon S. Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards a national outbreak of an infectious disease. J Psychosom Res. 2010;68(2):195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.04.004 Roy D, Tripathy S, Kar SK, Sharma N, Verma SK, Kaushal V. Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020; 51:102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083. Karnataka Population. Available from: http://www.populationu.com/in/karnataka-population [Accessed on 8 April 2020] Sample Size Calculator: Understanding Sample Sizes. Available from: https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/sample-size-calculator/ [Accessed on 5 March 2020] Toussaint A, Hüsing P, Gumz A, Wingenfeld K, Härter M, Schramm E, Löwe B. Sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference of the 7-item generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7). J Affect Disord. 2020; 265:395–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.032 Williams N. The GAD-7 Questionnaire [Review of the test Generalized anxiety disorder (gad-7) Questionnaire, by R. L. Spitzer]. Occupational Medicine2014; 64(3): 224. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt161 Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606. Albert PR. Why is depression more prevalent in women? J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;40(4):219-221. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.150205 Patten SB, Wang JL, Williams JV, Wang JL, McDonald K, Bulloch ACM. Descriptive epidemiology of major depression in Canada. Can J Psychiatry. 2006; 51:84–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371506000106 Jones C. Student anxiety, depression increasing during school closures, survey finds. EdSorce, 13 May 2020. Available from: https://edsource.org/2020/student-anxiety-depression-increasing-during-school-closures-survey-finds/631224 [Accessed on 29 August 2020]. Frasquilho D, Matos MG, Salonna F, Guerreiro D, Storti CC, Gaspar T, Caldas-de-Almeida JM. Mental health outcomes in times of economic recession: a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health2015; 16:115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2720-y. Ali Jadoo SA. COVID -19 pandemic is a worldwide typical Biopsychosocial crisis. Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(2):152-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss2.58 Prabhu N. Bengaluru urban tops state in per capita income, Kalaburagi last, (20 March 2016). Available from: https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-urban-tops-state-in-per-capita-income-kalaburagi-last/article8376124.ece [Accessed 13 April 2020].

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For a d-tuple of commuting operators S := (S1,..., Sd) ? B[X]d, m ? N and p ? (0,?), we define Q(p) m (S;u) := ? 0?k?m (-1)k (m k) (???Nd0 |?| = k k!/? ||S?u||p). As a natural extension of the concepts of (m,p)-expansive and (m,p)-contractive for tuple of commuting operators, we introduce and study the concepts of (m,?)-expansive tuple and (m,?)-contractive tuple of commuting operators acting on a Banach space. We say that S is (m,?)-expansive d-tuple (resp. (m,?)- contractive d-tuple) of operators if Q(p)m (S;u) ? 0 ? u ? X and p ? ? (resp. Q(p)m (S;u) ? 0 ? u ? X and p ? ?) . These concepts extend the definition of (m,?)-isometric tuple of bounded linear operators acting on Banach spaces was introduced and studied in [13].

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Na temelju antroponimijske literature, matičnih knjiga i dokumenata župe Fužine autorica svojim istraživanjem o ženidbama kajkavaca s čakavcima i štokavcima dokazuje da je stara osnova, tj. supstrat govora u najzapadnija tri hrvatska kajkavska mjesta (Fužine, Vrata, Belo Selo) kajkavština pokupske provenijencije, koja se tokom vremena u 18. i 19. st. mijenja pod priljevom čakavaca, dok štokavski govor susjednog Liča nema nikakva utjecaja. Od prvog popisa stanovništva sredinom 18. st. do početka 20. u kojem je značajan skoro potpuni gubitak domaćeg govora, ovaj je idiom, ako se jednakopravno istražuje u kajkavskim kućama i kućama s miješanim brakovima doista kajkavski, a ne čakavsko-kajkavski kako ga pogrešno i pred stotinu godina i danas običavaju prikazati.

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Reeds biomass has been successfully extracted. It calcinated with annealing temperatures at 800 °C (A800), 850 °C (A850), and 900 °C (A900). The x-ray pattern showed that it has a cristoballite (SiO2) crystal structure. The band gap energy values are 3.8 eV, 3.7 eV and 4.7 eV, respectively. FTIR spectra show the groups are silanol, siloxane, and monohydride. Quantitatively, it provide results to determine the optical properties and dielectric functions which indicate shift to longer wavelengths with an increase in annealing temperature. The morphology gives different image where the particles are formed flakes (A800), aggregates (A850) and porous aggregates (A900). Full Text: PDF References A. F. Ramdja, R. A. Silalahi, N. Sihombing, "Pengaruh waktu, temperatur dan dosis H2SO4 pada hidrolisa asam terhadap kadar etanol berbahan baku alang-alang," J. Tek. Kim., 17, (2010). CrossRef Z. S. Osvaldo, P. Putra, M. Faizal, "Pengaruh konsentrasi asam dan waktu pada proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi pembuatan bioetanol dari alang-alang," J. Tek. Kim., 18, (2012). CrossRef I. S. Naji, N. A. Khalifa, and H. M. Khalaf, "Influence of annealing temperature on the physical properties of thin Cu2SiO4 films prepared by pulsed laser deposition," Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostructures, 12, 899 (2017). DirectLink M. Sahri, A. R. Tualeka, N. Widajati, "Quantitative risk assesment of crystalline silica exposure in ceramics industry," Indian J. Public Heal. Res. & Dev., 10, 601 (2019). CrossRef A. Berendjchi, R. Khajavi, M. E. Yazdanshenas, "Application of nanosols in textile industry," Int. J. Green Nanotechnol., 1, 1943089213506814 (2013). CrossRef P. Y. Steinberg, "Structural and mechanical properties of silica mesoporous films synthesized using deep X-rays: implications in the construction of devices," Front. Mater., 8, 27 (2021). CrossRef A. F. Lourenço, J. A. F. Gamelas, J. Sequeira, P. J. Ferreira, J. L. Velho, "Improving paper mechanical properties using silica-modified ground calcium carbonate as filler," BioResources, 10, 8312 (2015). CrossRef S. Begum, M. Allaudin, M. A. Qaiser, and F. KHAN, "Beneficiation of silica sand for the manufacturing of optical glass". J.Chem. Soc. Pakistan, 21, 83 (1999). DirectLink N. H. N. A. Hadi, A. Anuar, R. K. Shuib, "Effect of Different Salinization Methods of Silica Filler on Rubber Reinforcement," J. Eng., 15, 71 (2019). CrossRef K. Kayed and D. B. Kurd, "The effect of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of Si/SiO2 composites synthesized by thermal oxidation of silicon wafers," Silicon, 14, 5157 (2021). CrossRef F. Ravaux, N. S. Rajput, J. Abed, L. George, M. Tiner, M. Jouiad, "Effect of rapid thermal annealing on crystallization and stress relaxation of SiGe nanoparticles deposited by ICP PECVD," RSC Adv.,7, 32087 (2017). CrossRef H. Liu et al., "Design and synthesis of carbon-coated α-Fe2O3-Fe3O4 heterostructured as anode materials for lithium ion batteries," Appl. Surf. Sci., 495, 143590 (2019). CrossRef M. Ghasemifard, E. Fathi, M. Ghamari, "The effect of Fe3+-doped on structure and optical properties of mesoporous Al2O3/SiO2 composite," Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., 42, 349 (2016). CrossRef X. Lu et al., "Effect of high-intensity ultrasound irradiation on the stability and structural features of coconut-grain milk composite systems utilizing maize kernels and starch with different amylose contents," Ultrason. Sonochem., 55, 135 (2019). CrossRef E. W. Juni, A. Arnelli, S. Sriatun, "Pemanfaatan Surfaktan Kationik Hasil Sublasi sebagai Molekul Pengarah pada Pembuatan Material Berpori dari Sekam Padi," J. Kim. Sains dan Apl., 15, 24 (2012). CrossRef F. Adam, K. Kandasamy, S. Balakrishnan, "Iron incorporated heterogeneous catalyst from rice husk ash," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 304, 137 (2006). CrossRef K. C. Wong, "Review of spectrometric identification of organic compounds." J. Chem. Educ., 92, 1602 (2015). CrossRef L. H. Abuhassan, "Enhancement of the production yield of fluorescent silicon nanostructures using silicon-based salts," Sains Malaysiana, 39, 837 (2010). DirectLink U. Kalapathy, A. Proctor, J. Shultz, "Silica xerogels from rice hull ash: structure, density and mechanical strength as affected by gelation pH and silica concentration", J. Chem. Technol. & Biotechnol., 75, 464 (2000) CrossRef

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Let G be a connected graph and k ≥ 1 be an integer. The open k-neighborhood Nk G(v) of v ∈ V (G) is the set Nk G(v) = {u ∈ V (G) \ {v}: dG(u, v) ≤ k}. A set S of vertices of G is called distance k-cost effective of G if for every vertex u in S, |Nk G(u) ∩ (V (G) \ S)| − |Nk G(u) ∩ S| ≥ 0. The maximum cardinality of a distance k-cost effective set of G is called the upper distance k-cost effective number of G. In this paper, we characterized the distance k-cost effective sets in the corona and lexicographic product of two graphs. Consequently, the bounds or the exact values of the upper distance k-cost effective numbers of these graphs are obtained.

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Abstract:

Let k be a positive integer and G be a connected graph. The open k-neighborhoodset Nk G(v) of v ∈ V (G) is the set Nk G(v) = {u ∈ V (G) \ {v} : dG(u, v) ≤ k}. A set S of vertices of G is a distance k- cost effective if for every vertex u in S, |Nk G(u) ∩ Sc| − |NkG(u) ∩ S| ≥ 0. The maximum cardinality of a distance k- cost effective set of G is called the upper distance k- cost effective number of G. In this paper, we characterized a distance k- cost effective set in the join of two graphs. As direct consequences, the bounds or the exact values of the upper distance k- cost effective numbers are determined.